Boulevard Che-Guevara

Le boulevard Che-Guevara est une voie d'Alger.

1. Situation et accès

Il s'agit d'un large boulevard d'Alger qui offre une vue en terrasse sur le port qu'il surplombe de 15 m. Il est constitué d'immeubles haussmanniens à arcades, sous lesquelles sont installés des magasins. Il est situé dans la commune de la Casbah et constitue une petite partie du boulevard du front de mer face au port d'Alger, dans le prolongement du boulevard Zighoud-Youcef. Il est accessible avec les bus de l'ETUSA, lignes 2, 5, 7, 8, 36, 90, 101.

1. Origine du nom

Le nom du boulevard est dédié à la mémoire du révolutionnaire latino américain et internationaliste Che Guevara (1928-1967).

1. Historique

Le boulevard est conçu par l'architecte Frédéric Chassériau entre 1860 et 1871 au-dessus de voûtes qui donnent sur le port. Pendant la période coloniale française, il a porté le nom de « boulevard de l'Impératrice » (sous le Second Empire, en hommage à Eugénie de Montijo) puis celui de « boulevard de la République » (sous la IIIe République). Il a vocation à constituer à la fois un rempart et une promenade. Il remplace des maisons et des fortifications ottomanes. Il est inauguré par Napoléon III, le 18 septembre 1865, alors que le chantier n'est pas terminé. Dans les années 1890, le boulevard est relié au quartier de la Marine.

1. Bâtiments remarquables et lieux de mémoire

no 7 : Bâtiment de la Banque d'Algérie no 8 : Siège de la Banque nationale d'Algérie (BNA)

1. Notes et références

Portail d'Alger Portail des routes

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Regency of Algiers

The Regency of Algiers was an early modern semi-independent Ottoman province and nominal vassal state on the Barbary Coast of North Africa from 1516 to 1830. Founded by the privateer brothers Aruj and Hayreddin Reis (also known as the Barbarossa brothers), the Regency succeeded the Kingdom of Tlemcen as a formidable base that waged maritime holy war (Jihad) on European Christian powers. It was ruled by elected regents under a stratocracy led by Janissaries and corsairs. Despite its pirate reputation in Europe, Algiers maintained long-standing diplomatic ties with European states and was a recognized Mediterranean power. The Regency emerged in the 16th-century Ottoman–Habsburg wars. As self-proclaimed ghazis gaining popular support and legitimacy from the religious leaders at the expense of hostile local emirs, the Barbarossa brothers and their successors carved a unique corsair state that drew revenue and political power from its naval warfare against Habsburg Spain. In the 17th century, when the wars between Spain and the Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of England and Dutch Republic ended, Barbary corsairs started capturing merchant ships and their crews and goods from these states. When the Ottomans could not prevent these attacks, European powers negotiated directly with Algiers and also took military action against it. This policy would emancipate Algiers from the Ottomans. The Regency held significant naval power in the 16th and 17th centuries and well into the end of the Napoleonic wars despite European naval superiority. Its institutionalised privateering dealt substantial damage to European shipping, took captives for ransom, plundered booty, hijacked ships and eventually demanded regular tribute payments. In the rich and bustling city of Algiers, the Barbary slave trade reached an apex. The Regency also expanded its hold in the interior by allowing a large degree of autonomy to the tribal communities. After the janissary coup of 1659, the Regency became a sovereign military republic, and its rulers were thenceforth elected by the council known as the diwan rather than appointed by the Ottoman sultan previously. Despite wars over territory with Spain and the Maghrebi states in the 18th century, Mediterranean trade and diplomatic relations with European states expanded, as wheat exports secured Algerian revenues after privateering decline. Bureaucratisation efforts stabilized the Regency's government, allowing into office regents such as Mohammed ben-Osman, who maintained Algerian prestige thanks to his public and defensive works. Increased Algerian privateering and demands for tribute started the Barbary Wars at the beginning of the 19th century, when Algiers was decisively defeated for the first time. Internal central authority weakened in Algiers due to political intrigue, failed harvests and the decline of privateering. Violent tribal revolts followed, mainly led by maraboutic orders such as the Darqawis and Tijanis. In 1830, France took advantage of this domestic turmoil to invade. The resulting French conquest of Algeria led to colonial rule until 1962.

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