Abbaye de Holyrood

L’abbaye de Holyrood (en anglais Holyrood Abbey) est une abbaye en ruines des Canons Regular (en) d'Édimbourg, en Écosse, fondée en 1128 par David Ier d’Écosse. Elle a été utilisée comme église paroissiale jusqu'au XVIIe siècle, puis est tombée en ruines à partir du XVIIIe siècle. Au cours du XVe siècle, la maison d'invité a été transformée en résidence royale, le Palais de Holyrood, qui a été agrandi après la Réforme écossaise. Ce qui reste des murs de l'abbaye est situé près du palais, à l'extrémité est du Royal Mile. Le site est protégé en tant que scheduled monument. Le mot « rood » signifie en vieil anglais « croix », l'abbaye est ainsi dédiée à la Sainte-Croix.

1. Sépulture de la famille royale d'Écosse

L'abbaye a été le lieu d'un grand nombre de funérailles et enterrements royaux, principalement dans la baie orientale de l'aile du sud, connue comme la « crypte royale ». Sont enterrés, entre autres :

David II d'Écosse, en 1371 ; Jacques II d'Écosse, en 1460 ; Arthur, duc de Rothesay, deuxième fils de Jacques IV, en 1510 ; Jacques V d'Écosse (1542), troisième fils de Jacques IV, enterré avec sa première femme, Madeleine de France (1537) et ses enfants Jacques, duc de Rothesay (1541) et Arthur, duc d'Albany (1541) Henry Stuart (Lord Darnley), beau-fils de Jacques V, en 1567 ; Margaret, deuxième fille de Jacques VI, en 1600. Dunbar Douglas, comte de Selkirk (1799) y est également enterré.

1. En art

Louis Daguerre, avec son associé Charles Marie Bouton et son élève Hippolyte Sebron, crée en 1822 un diorama disparu de 21 mètres de long représentant l'abbaye, qui sera présenté à Paris en 1823-1824 et à Londres en 1825 ; vers 1824, Daguerre peint une huile sur toile inspirée du diorama, Ruines de la chapelle de Holyrood, exposée à la Walker Art Gallery de Liverpool.

1. Notes et références

(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Holyrood Abbey » (voir la liste des auteurs).

1. Bibliographie

: document utilisé comme source pour la rédaction de cet article.

(en) Charles Burnett et Helen Bennett, The Green Mantle : a celebration of the revival in 1687 of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Édimbourg, Royal Scottish Museum Studies, 1987, 20 p. (en) Richard Fawcett, The Palace of Holyroodhouse : official guide, Edinburgh, HMSO, 1988 (en) Dennis Gallagher, « Holyrood Abbey: the disappearance of a monastery », Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. 128,‎ 1998, p. 1079–1099 (lire en ligne)

1. Voir aussi


1. = Liens externes =

(en) Site officiel Portail du monachisme Portail du catholicisme Portail de l’Écosse Portail des monuments classés au Royaume-Uni

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Holyrood Abbey

Holyrood Abbey is a ruined abbey of the Canons Regular in Edinburgh, Scotland. The abbey was founded in 1128 by David I of Scotland. During the 15th century, the abbey guesthouse was developed into a royal residence, and after the Scottish Reformation the Palace of Holyroodhouse was expanded further. The abbey church was used as a parish church until the 17th century, and has been ruined since the 18th century. The remaining walls of the abbey lie adjacent to the palace, at the eastern end of Edinburgh's Royal Mile. The site of the abbey is protected as a scheduled monument.

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Holyrood Palace

The Palace of Holyroodhouse ( or ), also known as Holyrood Palace, is the official residence of the monarch of the United Kingdom in Scotland. Located at the bottom of the Royal Mile in Edinburgh, at the opposite end to Edinburgh Castle, Holyrood has served as the principal royal residence in Scotland since the 16th century, and is a setting for state occasions and official entertaining. The palace adjoins Holyrood Abbey, and the gardens are set within Holyrood Park. The King's Gallery was converted from existing buildings at the western entrance to the palace and was opened in 2002 to exhibit works of art from the Royal Collection. King Charles III spends one week in residence at Holyrood at the beginning of summer, where he carries out a range of official engagements and ceremonies. The 16th-century historic apartments of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the State Apartments, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public throughout the year, except when members of the royal family are in residence. The palace also serves as the official residence of the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland during the annual meeting of the General Assembly.

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The Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba [ˈpʰaːrˠl̪ˠəmɪtʲ nə ˈhal̪ˠapə]; Scots: Scots Pairlament) is the devolved, unicameral legislature of Scotland. It is located in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh, and is frequently referred to by the metonym Holyrood. It is a democratically elected body and its role is to scrutinise the Scottish Government and legislate on devolved matters that are not reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament comprises 129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), elected for five-year terms under the regionalised form of Additional-member system (MMP): 73 MSPs represent individual geographical constituencies elected by the plurality (first-past-the-post) system, while a further 56 are returned as list members from eight additional member regions. Each region elects seven party-list MSPs. Each region elects 15 to 17 MSPs in total. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 6 May 2021, with the Scottish National Party winning a plurality. The original Parliament of Scotland was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland and existed from the early 13th century until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. As a consequence, the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England were subsumed into the Parliament of Great Britain. In practice, all of the traditions, procedures, and standing orders of the English parliament were retained, with the addition of Scottish members in both the Commons and Lords. Following a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the powers of the devolved legislature were specified by the Scotland Act 1998. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament – the areas in which it can make laws – by explicitly specifying powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. The UK Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament, and can extend or reduce the areas in which it can make laws. The first meeting of the reconvened Parliament took place on 12 May 1999. The legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament has been amended numerous times since then. The Scotland Act 2012 and Scotland Act 2016 expanded the Parliament's powers, especially over taxation and welfare. The purpose of the United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020, the most recent amendment, is to constrain the powers of the devolved institutions and restrict the exercise of devolved competences. Its effect is to undermine the freedom of action, regulatory competence and authority of the Parliament, limiting its ability to make different economic or social choices to those made by Westminster.

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