Commanderie de Faxfleet

La commanderie de Faxfleet est une ancienne commanderie portuaire fondée par les Templiers au XIIe siècle dans la région du Yorkshire et de l'Humber en Angleterre.

1. Description géographique

Comme toutes les commanderies, il ne s'agit pas d'un seul endroit mais plutôt d'un territoire qui incluait un ensemble de biens administrés à partir d'un chef-lieu. Il ne reste rien de ce chef-lieu où devait se trouver la maison du commandeur et la chapelle réservée aux seuls membres de l'ordre, mais l'endroit est clairement identifié. On pense que cette commanderie était avant tout un port qui recueillait une grande partie de la production des commanderies du Yorkshire. Le site se trouve dans la partie sud-ouest du district du Yorkshire de l'Est, à l'ouest de Kingston-upon-Hull et au sud de Newport. Plus précisément il s'agit du lieu-dit « Faxfleet (en) » au confluent de la rivière Ouse et du fleuve Trent. Désormais enfouie en grande partie sous la terre, la commanderie se dressait au lieu-dit « Temple Garth », dans la partie occidentale de la ferme de Thorp Grange[réf. souhaitée]. Il ne s'agit pas de « Thorp Grange Farm » au sud-est de Thorpe Audlin qui est parfois mentionnée et dont le lien avec les templiers reste à confirmer, ni des lieux-dits « Temple Garth » à Etton et à Willoughton qui étaient tous les deux chef-lieu de commanderie. Parmi les possessions de cette commanderie, on peut citer plus au nord le manoir de Cave.

1. Histoire

Faxfleet était l'une des principales commanderies du Yorkshire. Elle a été construite sur un terrain cédé en 1185 par un chevalier croisé, Roger de Mowbray, seigneur du Northumberland. Les Templiers avaient payé la rançon de ce seigneur alors qu'il était prisonnier des Ottomans. Cette même année, les registres indiquent que les Templiers Odo, Serlo, Gille, Stephen, Harvat et Ucca étaient les métayers de la commanderie, chacun s'étant vu confier la culture de deux acres de terre - conformément au système de culture par bandes. En 1290, et jusqu'en 1301, Geoffrey Jolif était le commandeur des Templiers à Faxfleet, tandis que Robert de Halton était le maître de la baillie du Temple dans le comté. En 1308, plusieurs personnes (mais pas Jolif) furent arrêtées à Faxfleet et emmenées à York, où elles ont été condamnées à faire éventuellement pénitence dans l'ordre cistercien. Les pièces du procès de l'ordre attestent de la réception dans cette commanderie de nouveaux frères par Guillaume de la More, alors maître de la province d'Angleterre La commanderie de Faxfleet a été fermée en 1308, date à laquelle sa valeur fut estimée à plus de 290£. Malgré la dévolution des biens de l'ordre du Temple aux Hospitaliers, Faxfleet fut cédée par le Prieur Thomas l'Archer au roi Édouard II d'Angleterre en 1324. En 1338, un inventaire des anciennes propriétés templières dressé par les hospitaliers indique que Faxfleet et Cave étaient devenus possessions du seigneur Ralph Neuville à la suite d'une donation du roi d'Angleterre.

1. Voir aussi


1. = Articles connexes =

Liste des commanderies templières dans le Yorkshire et Humber

1. = Liens externes =

« La commanderie de Faxfleet » , projet Baucéant (www.templiers.org)

1. Sources


1. = Notes =


1. = Références =


1. = Bibliographie =

(en) Helen Nicholson, The proceedings against the Templars in the british Isles, vol. 2, Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2011, 653 p. (ISBN 978-1-4094-3652-2, présentation en ligne), p. 382-395 Voir aussi le volume 1 paru la même année qui est l'édition latine avec les documents originaux. Aperçu disponible sur Google Livres. Horst Biehl, « Templars in Britain », dans Gil McHatti, The Knights Templar : Influences from the Past and Impulses for the Future, Temple Lodge Publishing, 2011, 224 p. (ISBN 978-1-9069-9926-1, présentation en ligne), p. 50-63 (en) Simon Phillips, « The Hospitallers' acquisition of the Templar lands in England », dans Jochen Burgtorf, Paul Crawford, Helen Nicholson, The Debate on the Trial of the Templars, 1307-1314, Ashgate Publishing ltd., 2010, 399 p. (ISBN 978-0-7546-6570-0, lire en ligne), p. 238 (en) Diane Holloway et Trish Colton, The Knights Templar in Yorkshire : Life in Their Preceptories, and the Society That Lay Outside These, History Press, 2008, 149 p. (ISBN 978-0-7509-5087-9, présentation en ligne) (en) Helen Nicholson, « Relations between Houses of Order of the Temple in Britain and their Local Communities, as indicated during the Trial of the Templars, 1307-12 », dans Norman Housley, Malcolm Barber et Al., Knighthoods of Christ : Essays on the History of the Crusades And the Knights Templar, Presented to Malcolm Barber, Ashgate Publishing ltd., 2007, 257 p. (ISBN 978-0-7546-5527-5, lire en ligne), p. 195-208 (en) Evelyn Lord, The Knights Templar in Britain, Pearson Education, 2004 (1re éd. 2001), 348 p. (ISBN 978-0-582-47287-7 et 978-1-4058-0163-8, présentation en ligne) (en) William Page, A History of the County of York, vol. 3, 1974 (lire en ligne) Portail de l'ordre du Temple Portail du Yorkshire

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Faxfleet

Faxfleet is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Blacktoft, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 6 miles (10 km) west of Brough, and 9 miles (14 km) east of Howden, at the start of the Humber, on the north bank, where the River Ouse and the River Trent meet. In 1931 the parish had a population of 151. Just to the east of the hamlet is the entrance lock for the Weighton Canal, and also Whitton Island in the Humber.

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