York Place (Édimbourg)

York Place est une rue du centre d'Édimbourg bordée presque exclusivement de bâtiments du XVIIIe siècle, reliant Queen Street à Broughton Street et Leith Walk. L'architecture de la rue est restée presque entièrement intacte, mais c'est aussi l'une des rues les plus fréquentées du centre-ville, car elle fait partie du principal axe de circulation est-ouest, et plusieurs lignes de bus et le tramway d'Édimbourg y passent.

1. Histoire

York Place fut aménagée en rue à double sens à l'extrémité nord-est de la première New Town d'Édimbourg. Le terrain fut acquis par la ville auprès de James Erskine, Lord Alva, en 1793, et le Heriot Trust, également propriétaire de terrains dans cette zone, s'y joignit. Les travaux commencèrent immédiatement et furent achevés en 1804. La rue a peu changé depuis. En 1888, un réseau de tramways fut mis en service. Initialement alimenté par des câbles souterrains, le système était invisible, à l'exception des rails et du canal central (pour le câble). Tout changea en 1921 suite à la fusion d'Édimbourg et de Leith (qui disposait de tramways électriques depuis 1905) : un complexe de poteaux et de câbles fut ajouté, dégradant considérablement le paysage urbain. Ces poteaux et câbles ont été retirés en 1956 après la disparition des tramways, et les urbanistes supprimèrent tous les lampadaires dans les années 1970. La rue est désormais éclairée par des projecteurs installés sur les avant-toits des bâtiments. Le terminus provisoire du tramway d'Édimbourg, situé à York Place, a été supprimé en 2022 dans le cadre du projet de prolongement de la ligne vers Newhaven. Un nouvel arrêt permanent a ouvert ses portes à proximité, sur Picardy Place, en juin 2023, après l'achèvement de ce prolongement.

1. Bâtiments notables

L'église Saint-Paul et Saint-Georges par Archibald Elliot (1816) La chapelle épiscopale St George, construite par James Adam en 1792 avec une nouvelle façade ajoutée en 1934, est maintenant utilisée comme casino Genting 7 - Le presbytère St George, une maison fortifiée juste à l'est de la chapelle (1793 remodelée en 1818) 1-3 York Place, cet immeuble d'angle, conçu par David Paton, comprend trois étages commerciaux inférieurs où le verre domine les murs. Le 44 York Place, construit en 1964 pour abriter un bureau des impôts, a été transformé en hôtel Premier Inn en 2018. 72 York Place - Le pub Conan Doyle - lié au lieu de naissance de Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, à 50 m à l'est, à Picardy Place.

1. Références

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York Place, Edinburgh

York Place is a street in central Edinburgh of almost exclusively 18th century buildings, linking Queen Street to Broughton Street and Leith Walk. The street's architecture remains almost completely intact but it is one of the busiest streets in the city centre being part of the main east-west route for traffic together with the Edinburgh Trams line and several bus services.

Landmark Neighbourhood

Edinburgh bus station

Edinburgh bus station is a central bus station in the city centre of Edinburgh. The bus station is situated on Elder Street, where the buses enter & exit, with pedestrian access from there and St Andrew Square. The current building and forecourt was completed in 2003, as part of a larger city centre redevelopment to accommodate a prestigious department store and attract other high-end retailers. The design was by Edinburgh architects CDA Group.

Airport Train

St Paul's and St George's Church

St Paul's and St George's Church (known colloquially as "Ps and Gs") is an evangelical church of the Scottish Episcopal Church in central Edinburgh, Scotland. It is located on the corner of Broughton Street and York Place in the east end of Edinburgh's New Town, and is protected as a category A listed building. The building was erected as St Paul's Church, replacing a chapel in the Cowgate. It was designed by Archibald Elliot between 1816 and 1818, and was extended by Peddie and Kinnear in the 1890s. In 1932 the congregation merged with that of St George's Church, also located on York Place. The east window is by Francis Eginton of Birmingham. In 2008 a £5.6 million building project to improve facilities in the church was completed.

Church

St Oran's Church

St Oran's Church was a Gaelic-speaking congregation of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. Originating in the early 18th-century, the congregation continued until 1948, latterly meeting at Broughton Street. Gaelic public worship in Edinburgh began in the early 18th century and culminated with the opening of the first Gaelic Chapel at Castle Wynd near the Grassmarket in 1769. This was the first Gaelic-speaking congregation in the Scottish Lowlands. A second, larger chapel opened at Horse Wynd in 1813 and the two congregations united in 1815, following which the Castle Wynd building was sold. In 1835, the chapel was raised to the status of a parish quoad sacra. The Disruption of 1843 saw all the church's office holders and almost all of its congregation depart the established church to join the Free Church, creating another Gaelic-speaking congregation in Edinburgh: the Gaelic Free Church. Civic improvements in the Old Town forced the congregation to vacate Horse Wynd in 1870. It settled in the former Catholic Apostolic Church on Broughton Street in 1875. In 1900, the congregation adopted the name "St Oran's". The former Gaelic Free Church – by then known as "St Columba's" – had rejoined the Church of Scotland in 1929 due to denominational unions. The General Assembly concluded the maintenance of two small Gaelic-speaking congregations in Edinburgh was unnecessary and, in 1948, St Oran's and St Columba's united to form the Highland Church, using the St Columba's buildings. Greyfriars Kirk maintains St Oran's tradition of Gaelic worship in Edinburghto the present. The first Gaelic Chapel was a simple T-plan building with seats for 800. It was demolished in the 1830s. The Horse Wynd building stood on a rectangular plan and was executed in a plain neoclassical style. It was swept away in the public improvements that created Chambers Street. The Broughton Street building – the only building occupied by the Gaelic congregation that still stands – is a neoclassical, temple-like building of 1843–1844, attributed to John Dick Peddie. It is now in commercial use.

Church

Edinburgh Assay Office

The Edinburgh Assay Office is the last remaining assay office in Scotland and one of four which remain in the United Kingdom. The Edinburgh Assay Office traces its hallmarking history back to the Gold and Silver Work Act 1457 (c. 8 (S)) the first hallmarking act for Scotland. It is an independent privately run business, owned by the Incorporation of Goldsmiths of the City of Edinburgh. Since 1457, the deacon, or leader of the craft, assayed and marked the members' wares. However, in 1681, a dedicated Assay Master, John Borthwick, was appointed to oversee this task. The incorporation's importance in the life of the city and country was confirmed in 1687 when King James VII granted it a royal charter. The Edinburgh Assay Office is housed in a category B listed building, Goldsmiths Hall in the Broughton Street. It is a former church, built in 1816, which was fully refurbished and opened as the assay office in 1999 by Princess Anne. The assay office primarily tests and hallmarks precious metal. The Hallmarking Act 1973 was passed, then in 2010 palladium became the fourth precious metal to be assayed.

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