Rue d'Inkermann

La rue Inkermann est une voie du centre-ville de Lille, dans le département du Nord, en France.

1. Situation et accès

La rue d'Inkermann est une voie publique de la ville de Lille, en France. Elle fait la jonction entre la place de la République au sud et la place Sébastopol au nord. Elle est perpendiculaire à la Rue Solférino.

1. Origine du nom

Elle doit son nom à la bataille d'Inkermann du 5 novembre 1854 pendant la guerre de Crimée.

1. Historique

La rue d'Inkermann est créée lors de l'agrandissement de Lille de 1858 sur le territoire de la zone inconstructible qui entourait l'ancienne enceinte. L'emplacement de la rue est déclaré d'utilité publique par décret des 14 août 1862 et 2 juillet 1864, permettant de lancer des travaux de construction. La rue fait ainsi partie des rues érigées sous le Second Empire à Lille. Le nom de la rue, qui est un hommage à la bataille d'Inkerman, gagnée sur les Russes en novembre 1854, lui est donné le 2 octobre 1866. Une communauté de Dominicains s'installe dans la rue jusqu'en 1875. En 1899, les architectes Albert Baert et Charles Boidin sont chargés par la ville de construire un grand immeuble de prestige à l'angle avec la place de la République face à la poste. Le logement où vécut son enfance et adolescence l'académicien, journaliste de télévision Alain Decaux est situé dans cet immeuble. La rue est marquée par la présence de le siège de l'antenne du Parti communiste français dans la région depuis les années 1970. Le grand immeuble du 14-16 rue d'Inkermann, qui abritait la Chambre des métiers et de l'artisanat, est rénovée en 2019.

1. Bâtiments remarquables et lieux de mémoire

A un numéro inconnu, François Mitterrand et Robert Mitterrand passaient leurs vacances durant leur enfance. N°2 à 8 : Hôtel des Cariatides. Naît à un étage l’historien et académicien Alain Decaux. Une plaque commémore sa naissance au n°2. N°3 : Hôtel des Postes de Lille. N°14 à 16 : siège de la Chambre de métiers et de l'artisanat des Hauts de France. N°18 : siège de l'antenne du Parti communiste français dans les Hauts de France, et siège de la publication du journal Liberté Hebdo.

1. Références

Portail des routes Portail de la métropole européenne de Lille

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Siege of Lille (1667)

The siege of Lille took place during the War of Devolution. Louis XIV's forces besieged Lille from 10 August to 28 August 1667. It was the only major engagement of the war. Lille was the first major victory for Vauban’s siege techniques. Louis XIV, arguing that the Spanish dowry of his wife Maria Theresa of Spain had not been paid, began to expand French borders to the north and east, invading the Spanish Netherlands. This began a conflict with Spain that became the War of Devolution. After taking Charleroi, Tournai and Douai, French troops laid siege to Lille, at that time part of the county of Flanders under Spanish rule. Siege techniques applied by the French military engineer Vauban were instrumental in their capture.

Historic Site Landmark

Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille

The Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille (Lille Palace of Fine Arts) is a municipal museum dedicated to fine arts, modern art, and antiquities located in Lille. It is one of the largest art museums in France. It was one of the first museums built in France, established under the instructions of Napoleon I at the beginning of the 19th century as part of the popularisation of art. Jean-Antoine Chaptal's decree of 1801 selected fifteen French cities (among them Lille) to receive the works seized from churches and from the European territories occupied by the armies of Revolutionary France. The painters Louis Joseph Watteau and François-Louis-Joseph Watteau, known as the "Watteau of Lille", were heavily involved in the museum's beginnings - Louis Joseph Watteau made in 1795 the first inventory of the paintings confiscated during the Revolution, whilst his son François was deputy curator of the museum from 1808 to 1823. The museum opened in 1809 and was initially housed in a church confiscated from the Récollets before being transferred to the city's town hall. In 1866, the "musée Wicar", formed from the collection of Jean-Baptiste Wicar, was merged into the Palais des Beaux-Arts. Construction of the Palais's current Baroque-revival-style building began in 1885 under the direction of Géry Legrand, mayor of Lille, and it was completed in 1892. The architects chosen to design the new building were Edouard Bérard (1843–1912) and Fernand Etienne-Charles Delmas (1852–1933) from Paris. During the early 20th century, Victor Mollet served as its official architect. The building is located on the place de la République, in the center of the city, facing the préfecture of Lille. It was renovated during the 1990s and reopened in 1997. At the start of the 1990s, the building's poor state and the moving of Vauban's relief models of fortified towns to Lille forced the town to renovate the building. Work began in 1991, under the architects Jean-Marc Ibos and Myrto Vitart, and was completed in 1997. This allowed the creation of a new 700 m2 basement room for temporary exhibitions, as well as departments for the relief models and for 19th-century sculpture. Overall the museum covers 22000 m2 and held 72430 pieces as of 2015, one of the largest provincial collections of fine art. The collection includes works by Raphael, Donatello, Van Dyck, Tissot, Jordaens, Goya, El Greco, David, Corot, Courbet, Toulouse-Lautrec, Delacroix, Rubens, Rodin, Claudel and Jean Siméon Chardin.

Art Landmark

Lille

Lille (, LEEL; French: [lil] ; Dutch: Rijsel [ˈrɛisəl] ; Picard: Lile; West Flemish: Rysel) is a city in the northern part of France, within French Flanders. Positioned along the Deûle river, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region, the prefecture of the Nord department, and the main city of the European Metropolis of Lille. The city of Lille proper had a population of 236,234 in 2020 within its small municipal territory of 35 km2 (14 sq mi), but together with its French suburbs and exurbs the Lille metropolitan area (French part only), which extends over 1,666 km2 (643 sq mi), had a population of 1,515,061 that same year (January 2020 census), the fourth most populated in France after Paris, Lyon, and Marseille. The city of Lille and 94 suburban French municipalities have formed since 2015 the European Metropolis of Lille, an indirectly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of wider metropolitan issues, with a population of 1,182,250 at the January 2020 census. More broadly, Lille belongs to a vast conurbation formed with the Belgian cities of Mouscron, Kortrijk, Tournai and Menin, which gave birth in January 2008 to the Eurometropolis Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai, the first European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC), which has more than 2.1 million inhabitants. Nicknamed in France the "Capital of Flanders", Lille and its surroundings belong to the historical region of Romance Flanders, a former territory of the county of Flanders that is not part of the linguistic area of West Flanders. A garrison town (as evidenced by its Citadel), Lille has had an eventful history from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution. Very often besieged during its history, it belonged successively to the Kingdom of France, the Burgundian State, the Holy Roman Empire of Germany and the Spanish Netherlands before being definitively attached to the France of Louis XIV following the War of Spanish Succession along with the entire territory making up the historic province of French Flanders. Lille was again under siege in 1792 during the Franco-Austrian War, and in 1914 and 1940. It was severely tested by the two world wars of the 20th century during which it was occupied and suffered destruction. A merchant city since its origins and a manufacturing city since the 16th century, the Industrial Revolution made it a great industrial capital, mainly around the textile and mechanical industries. Their decline, from the 1960s onwards, led to a long period of crisis and it was not until the 1990s that the conversion to the tertiary sector and the rehabilitation of the disaster-stricken districts gave the city a different face. Today, the historic center, Old Lille, is characterized by its 17th-century red brick town houses, its paved pedestrian streets and its central Grand'Place. The belfry of the Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) is one of the 23 belfries in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Somme regions that were classified as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in July 2005, in recognition of their architecture and importance to the rise of municipal power in Europe. The construction of the brand-new Euralille business district in 1988 (now the third largest in France) and the arrival of the TGV and then the Eurostar in 1994 made the city easily accessible from major European cities. The development of its international airport, annual events such as the Braderie de Lille in early September (attracting three million visitors), the development of a student and university center (with more than 110,000 students in colleges and schools of the University of Lille and the Catholic University of Lille, the third largest in France behind Paris and Lyon), its ranking as a European Capital of Culture in 2004 and the events of Lille 2004 (European Capital of Culture) and Lille 3000 are the main symbols of this revival. The European metropolis of Lille was awarded the "World Design Capital 2020".

Landmark Neighbourhood

Siege of Lille (1792)

The siege of Lille (25 September – 8 October 1792) saw a Republican French garrison under Jean-Baptiste André Ruault de La Bonnerie hold Lille against an assault by a Habsburg army commanded by Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen. Though the city was fiercely bombarded, the French successfully withstood the Austrian attack in the action. Because the Austrians were unable to completely encircle the city, the French were able to continuously send in reinforcements. After news of the French victory over the Prussians at Valmy, Albert withdrew his troops and siege cannons. The next battle was at Jemappes in November. The Column of the Goddess monument was completed in 1845 to commemorate the siege.

Landmark Monument

École supérieure de journalisme de Lille

The École supérieure de journalisme de Lille (French pronunciation: [ekɔl sypeʁjœʁ də ʒuʁnalism də lil], Superior School of Journalism of Lille, abbr. ESJ Lille) is a private non-profit institution of higher education, a French Grande École in Lille dedicated to journalism and related studies. The ESJ is a graduate school of the University of Lille as part of a public-private partnership. It has been elected best French journalism school in 2013 by Le Figaro. It is one of the top 3 journalism schools in France, alongside the CFJ at the Paris-Panthéon-Assas University and the Sciences Po Journalism School.

Media School