195 Broadway

Le 195 Broadway, également connu sous le nom de Telephone Building, Telegraph Building ou Western Union Building, est un bâtiment de 29 étages à Broadway dans le quartier financier de Manhattan, à New York. C'était le siège de longue date d'AT&T ainsi que de Western Union. Il occupe tout le côté ouest de Broadway de Dey Street à Fulton Street.

1. Histoire

Le site était auparavant occupé par le Western Union Telegraph Building. Le gratte-ciel actuel, commandé après l'acquisition par AT&T de Western Union en 1909, a été construit de 1912 à 1916 sous la direction de Theodore Newton Vail, sur des plans de William W. Bosworth. Il a été le site d'une extrémité du premier appel téléphonique transcontinental, le premier appel intervilles Picturephone, et le premier appel téléphonique transatlantique. Bien que le siège social d'AT&T ait déménagé au 550 Madison Avenue en 1984, le 195 Broadway est toujours utilisé comme immeuble de bureaux en 2020.

1. Description

La conception de Bosworth a été fortement influencée par la Grèce : bien que la façade soit en granit blanc du Vermont, elle présente des couches de colonnes de granit gris de style dorique et ionique, ainsi que diverses ornements d'inspiration grecque. Le coin nord-ouest du bâtiment a été conçu comme un campanile avec un toit en escalier, qui soutenait autrefois la statue de l'Esprit de communication. La conception grecque a pénétré dans le grand hall, revêtu de murs et de sols en marbre, et contenant des ornements sculpturaux de Paul Manship et Gaston Lachaise. Les espaces extérieurs et intérieurs du premier étage ont été désignés points de repère de la ville par la Commission de préservation des monuments de New York en 2006.

1. Références


1. Liens externes

Ressources relatives à l'architecture : The Skyscraper Center Structurae

Portail de New York Portail des gratte-ciel Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme

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Singer Building

The Singer Building (also known as the Singer Tower) was an office building and early skyscraper at the northwestern corner of Liberty Street and Broadway in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. Serving as the headquarters of the Singer Manufacturing Company, it was commissioned by the company's leader Frederick Gilbert Bourne and designed by architect Ernest Flagg in multiple phases from 1897 to 1908. The building's architecture contained elements of the Beaux-Arts and French Second Empire styles. The building was composed of four distinct sections. The original 10-story Singer Building at 149 Broadway was erected between 1897 and 1898, and the adjoining 14-story Bourne Building on Liberty Street was built from 1898 to 1899. In the first decade of the 20th century, the two buildings were expanded to form the 14-story base of the Singer Tower, which rose another 27 stories. The facade was made of brick, stone, and terracotta. A dome with a lantern capped the tower. The foundation of the tower was excavated using caissons; the building's base rested on shallower foundations. The Singer Building used a steel frame, though load-bearing walls initially supported the original structure before modification. When completed, the 41-story building had a marble-clad entrance lobby, 16 elevators, 410,000 square feet (38,000 m2) of office space, and an observation deck. With a roof height of 612 feet (187 m), the Singer Tower surpassed Philadelphia City Hall to become the tallest building in the world from 1908 to 1909, when it was superseded by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower. The base occupied the building's entire land lot; the tower's floors took up just one-sixth of that area. Despite being regarded as a city icon, the Singer Building was razed between 1967 and 1969 to make way for One Liberty Plaza, which had several times more office space than the Singer Tower. At the time of its destruction, the Singer Building was the tallest building ever to be demolished by its owners, a distinction it held until 270 Park Avenue was demolished in 2019.

Historic Site Landmark

One Liberty Plaza

One Liberty Plaza, formerly the U.S. Steel Building, is a skyscraper in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is situated on a block bounded by Broadway, Liberty Street, Church Street, and Cortlandt Street, on the sites of the former Singer Building and City Investing Building. The building was designed in the International Style by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and completed in 1973. It is 743 ft (226 m) tall and has 54 floors. At 2.3 million sq ft (210,000 m2), each floor offers almost 1 acre (0.40 ha) of office space, making it one of the largest office buildings in New York by usable interior space. Its facade is black, consisting of a structural steel frame. South of the building is Zuccotti Park, formerly called Liberty Plaza Park. One Liberty Plaza was originally commissioned by U.S. Steel, and also housed the headquarters of Merrill Lynch. Since 2001, One Liberty Plaza has been owned and operated by Brookfield Properties.

Industrial Landmark

City Investing Building

The City Investing Building, also known as the Broadway–Cortlandt Building and the Benenson Building, was an office building and early skyscraper in Manhattan, New York. Serving as the headquarters of the City Investing Company, it was on Cortlandt Street between Church Street and Broadway in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The building was designed by Francis Kimball and constructed by the Hedden Construction Company. Because of the area's sloping topography, the City Investing Building rose 32 stories above Broadway and 33 stories above Church Street, excluding an attic. The bulk of the building was 26 stories high above Church Street and was capped by a seven-story central portion with gable roofs. The building had an asymmetrical F-shaped footprint with a light court facing Cortlandt Street, as well as a wing to Broadway that wrapped around a real estate holdout, the Gilsey Building. Inside was a massive lobby stretching between Broadway and Church Street. The upper stories each contained between 5,200 and 19,500 square feet (480 and 1,810 m2) of space on each floor. Work on the City Investing Building started in 1906, and it opened in 1908 with about 12 acres (49,000 m2; 520,000 ft2) of floor area, becoming one of New York City's largest office buildings at the time. Though developed by the City Investing Company, the structure had multiple owners throughout its existence. The City Investing Building was sold to the financier Grigori Benenson (1860–1939) in 1919 and renamed the Benenson Building. After Benenson was unable to pay the mortgage, it was sold twice in the 1930s. The building was renamed 165 Broadway by 1938 and was renovated in 1941. The City Investing Building and the adjacent Singer Building were razed in 1968 to make room for One Liberty Plaza, which had at least twice as much floor area as the two former buildings combined.

Historic Site Landmark

Double Check

Double Check is a 1982 sculpture by John Seward Johnson II, located across from Zuccotti Park at the corner of Liberty Street and Broadway in Manhattan, New York City. The bronze sculpture portrays a well-dressed businessman sitting with his briefcase open, which is filled with office materials getting ready to enter an office building. The statue is notable for its association with the 9/11 attacks.

Art Landmark

210 m

Columbian Academy of Painting

Columbian Academy of Painting was one of the earliest art schools in the United States. It was founded by brothers Archibald and Alexander Robertson in 1792. The school was located in New York at 79 Liberty Street. It was one of the country's first art schools. Their students included John Vanderlyn, Francis Alexander, and, rare for the time, woman miniaturist Ann Hall. The brothers taught art to amateur and professional students with a wide variety of mediums and subjects. Their methods were based upon those taught in European and British art schools at that time. The Columbian Academy of Art was renamed the Academy of Painting, which continued to be managed by Archibald. Alexander opened his own art school in 1802. The school operated for 30 years.

Art School