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Attentat à la bombe du Preparedness Day
L'attentat à la bombe du Preparedness Day est un attentat à la bombe perpétré le 22 juillet 1916 à San Francisco, en Californie, aux États-Unis, contre un défilé organisé par des partisans locaux du Preparedness Movement (en) qui prône l'entrée des États-Unis dans la Première Guerre mondiale. Au cours du défilé, une valise piégée explose, tuant 10 personnes et en blessant 40 autres dans la pire attaque terroriste de l'histoire de San Francisco. Deux dirigeants syndicaux, Thomas Mooney (en) et Warren Billings (en), sont reconnus coupables lors de procès séparés et condamnés à mort, peine commuée en prison à vie. Des enquêtes ultérieures révèlent que les condamnations sont fondées sur de faux témoignages, et les hommes sont libérés en 1939 et finalement graciés. L'identité des auteurs de l'attaque n'a jamais été déterminée.
1. Notes et références
(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Preparedness Day bombing » (voir la liste des auteurs).
Portail des années 1910 Portail des États-Unis Portail du terrorisme
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147 m
San Francisco Ferry Building
The San Francisco Ferry Building is a terminal for ferries that travel across the San Francisco Bay, a food hall and an office building. It is located on The Embarcadero in San Francisco, California and is served by Golden Gate Ferry and San Francisco Bay Ferry routes.
On top of the building is a 245-foot-tall (75 m) clock tower with four clock dials, each 22 feet (6.7 m) in diameter, which can be seen from Market Street, a main thoroughfare of the city.
Designed in 1892 by American architect A. Page Brown in the Beaux-Arts style, the ferry building was completed in 1898. At its opening, it was the largest project undertaken in the city up to that time. One of Brown's design inspirations for the clock tower may have been the current 16th-century iteration of the 12th-century Giralda bell tower in Seville, Spain. The entire length of the building on both frontages is based on an arched arcade.
With decreased use since the 1950s, after bridges were constructed to carry transbay traffic and most streetcar routes were converted to buses, the building was adapted to office use and its public spaces broken up. In 2002, a restoration and renovation were undertaken to redevelop the entire complex. The 660-foot-long (200 m) Great Nave was restored, together with its height and materials. A marketplace was created on the ground floor, the former baggage handling area. The second and third floors were adapted for office and Port Commission use. On every hour during daylight, the clock bell chimes portions of the Westminster Quarters. The ferry terminal is a designated San Francisco landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
176 m
Vaillancourt Fountain
Vaillancourt Fountain, sometimes called Québec libre!, is a large fountain in Embarcadero Plaza in San Francisco, designed by the Québécois artist Armand Vaillancourt in collaboration with the plaza's landscape architect, Lawrence Halprin, and completed in 1971. It is about 40 feet (12 m) high and is constructed out of precast concrete square tubes. Long considered controversial because of its stark, modernist appearance, there have been several unsuccessful proposals to demolish the fountain over the years. It was the site of a free concert by U2 in 1987, when lead singer Bono spray painted graffiti on the fountain and was both praised and criticized for the action. The city determined the fountain to be a historic resource in 2025, and later voted to remove it citing concerns about structural deterioration.
178 m
Abraham Lincoln Brigade Monument
The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Monument is a steel and onyx art installation in Embarcadero Plaza in San Francisco's Financial District, in the U.S. state of California. The Monument was designed by Ann Chamberlain and Walter J. Hood with US$400,000 in funding from the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives to honor the Lincoln Battalion and XV International Brigade, formed to fight for the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. It was dedicated on March 30, 2008 and is part of the San Francisco Arts Commission collection.
One side of the monuments' panels show portraits of the volunteers. The other side of the panels contain annotated maps of the front lines between 1936 and 1938, as well as quotes of volunteers Abe Osheroff, Dave Smith, Alvah Bessie, Edwin Rolfe, Frederick Martin, Ruth Davidow, Robert Colodny, and Steve Nelson. The remainder panels contain words about that period from historians, labor organizers, writers, and musicians, such as Dolores Ibarruri, Albert Camus, Ernest Hemingway, and Paul Robeson.
Intermittent repairs occurred in the decade since the Monument was installed. In August 2018, the onyx stone panels were removed and taken offsite for repair, due to a combination of design issues and neglect. The Monument was restored by May 2020.
299 m
Sue Bierman Park
Sue Bierman Park, previously known as Ferry Park, is a 5.3-acre (2.1 ha) park in San Francisco, California in the Financial District, in the U.S. state of California. The park is named after Sue Bierman, a San Francisco civic activist and San Francisco Supervisor. It was completed in 1975 and is owned and operated by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department.
Sue Bierman Park is bordered by Washington Street on the north, The Embarcadero on the east, a combination of Embarcadero Plaza and Clay Street on the south, and Davis Street on the west. Drumm Street cuts through the center of the park.
336 m
Port of San Francisco
The Port of San Francisco is a semi-independent organization that oversees the port facilities at San Francisco, California, United States. It is run by a five-member commission, appointed by the mayor subject to confirmation by a majority of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. The Port is responsible for managing the larger waterfront area that extends from the anchorage of the Golden Gate Bridge, along the Marina district, all the way around the north and east shores of the city of San Francisco including Fisherman's Wharf and the Embarcadero, and southward to the city line just beyond Candlestick Point. In 1968, the State of California, via the California State Lands Commission for the state-operated San Francisco Port Authority (est. 1957), transferred its responsibilities for the Harbor of San Francisco waterfront to the City and County of San Francisco/San Francisco Harbor Commission through the Burton Act AB2649. All eligible state port authority employees had the option to become employees of the City and County of San Francisco to maintain consistent operation of the port of San Francisco.
The port of San Francisco lies on the western edge of the San Francisco Bay near the Golden Gate. It has been called one of the three great natural harbors in the world, but it took two long centuries for navigators from Spain and England to find the anchorage originally called Yerba Buena: a port, as was said in its early days, in which all the fleets of the world could find anchorage.
The port area under the commission's control comprises nearly eight miles of waterfront lands, commercial real estate and maritime piers from Hyde Street on the north to India Basin in the southeast. The list of landmarks under port control include Fisherman's Wharf, Pier 39, the Ferry Building, Oracle Park (formerly AT&T Park, SBC Park and Pacific Bell Park), located next to China Basin and Pier 70 at Potrero Point. Huge covered piers on piles jut out into San Francisco Bay along much of the waterfront, bordered by the Embarcadero roadway. In 2015, the city, acting through the port of San Francisco, launched the San Francisco Seawall Earthquake Safety and Disaster Prevention Program (Seawall Program).