Le Tower Building était un immeuble du fincancial district de Manhattan, à New York, situé au 50 Broadway sur une parcelle qui s'étendait à l'est jusqu'à New Street. Il s'agissait probablement du premier gratte-ciel de la ville et du premier bâtiment de New York doté d'une ossature en acier.

1. Histoire

L'architecte Bradford Gilbert en dépose les plans le 17 avril 1888, l'édifice est achevé le 27 septembre 1889. Sa démolition débutera en 1913. Le bâtiment faisait 33 m de profondeur, mais seulement 6,6 m de large et cela nécessitait d'innover techniquement. Le Home Insurance Building de Chicago (achevé en 1884) était le premier à inclure de l'acier dans son bâti mais ses éléments de maçonnerie ne reposaient pas complètement sur la charpente d'acier. Sur ce terrain étroit, une conception conventionnelle avec des murs porteurs en maçonnerie aurait laissé peu de place au rez-de-chaussée. Aussi, l'architecte Gilbert fit la proposition suivante : « Pourquoi ne pas faire s'élever mes fondations très haut dans les airs et commencer ensuite mon bâtiment ? ». Gilbert s'est inspiré d'un pont ferroviaire : des colonnes en fonte espacées d'environ 6 mètres formaient le squelette, et les murs de chaque étage étaient maintenus par une « chaussure », évitant de transmettre la charge au mur de l'étage inférieur. La structure mesurait 48 mètres de haut et comprenait 11 étages. Gilbert réalise des maquettes pour obtenir son permis de construire. Dans la foulée s'élèvent d'autres bâtiments à ossature d'acier, encore plus hauts, notamment le Columbia Building en 1890. Le Tower Building est vendu par John N. Stearns en 1905, avec deux bâtiments adjacents, pour un prix estimé à environ 1,5 million de dollars. En 1909, la Morris Building Company, une société holding de la Standard Oil Company, le rachète lors d'une saisie pour 1,68 million de dollars. N'étant plus rentable en 1913 en raison du manque de locataires, il est vidé de ses occupants en décembre de la même année et la démolition commence pour s'achever en 1914 ; à ce moment, le plus haut bâtiment de New York, le Woolworth Building, mesurait 241 mètres.

1. Notes et références

(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Tower Building (New York City) » (voir la liste des auteurs).

1. Liens externes

Ressource relative à l'architecture : The Skyscraper Center

Portail de New York Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme

Nearby Places View Menu
Location Image
26 m

52 Broadway

52 Broadway, formerly known as the Exchange Court Building or Chemical Bank Building, is a high-rise building on Broadway and Exchange Place in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. The building was erected in 1898 as a 12-story building designed by architects Clinton and Russell, but it was gutted and stripped of its entire facade in 1980-1982 by Emery Roth & Sons. It is now 221.5 feet (67.5 m) high with 20 floors.
Location Image
35 m

Dubway Studios

Dubway Studios is an audio post and music production facility located in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. Services offered at Dubway Studios include tracking, recording, mixing, mastering, music production, voice-over sessions, and remote connections via Source-Connect, phone patch, and Skype. Dubway's clients have included: HBO, Disney Junior, Discovery Channel, the Nick Jr. Channel and Nickelodeon, PBS Kids, PBS, Showtime, McDonald's, iTunes, IFC, NFL Films, Twentieth Century Fox, NPR, The New York Times, Anohni & the Johnsons, Devendra Banhart, Patti Smith, They Might Be Giants, David Byrne, Cyndi Lauper, Dar Williams, Alicia Keys, Joseph Arthur, Dan Bern, Richard Barone, and Cat Power.
Location Image
44 m

Tower Building (New York City)

The Tower Building was a structure in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City, located at 50 Broadway on a lot that extended east to New Street. It was arguably New York City's first skyscraper, and the first building with a steel skeleton structure.
Location Image
44 m

King's College (New York City)

The King's College (TKC or simply King's) was a private non-denominational Christian liberal arts college in New York City. It was founded in 1938 in Belmar, New Jersey, by Percy Crawford. The college re-located to the state of Delaware in 1941 and then to Briarcliff Manor, New York in 1955. Following its loss of accreditation in December 1993, the college closed in 1994. After being acquired by Campus Crusade for Christ and acquiring Northeastern Bible College, the college reopened in Manhattan in 1999. The college became independent of Campus Crusade in 2012. During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the college faced financial challenges. The Middle States Commission on Higher Education withdrew accreditation from The King's College on August 31, 2023. The college did not open for the fall 2023 semester, but its leaders did not intend for its closure to be permanent. As of January 2024, the college was not accepting applications for admissions. In January 2025, the trustees were seeking "to gift the college, including its charter and intellectual property … to likeminded evangelical Christians who propose the most compelling vision to resume the operations of the college". However, on July 14, 2025, they announced the institution would remain closed permanently and began the process of dissolution.
Location Image
47 m

China Chalet

China Chalet was a Chinese restaurant located in the Financial District of New York City. Opened in 1975, the restaurant operated as a luxury dim sum banquet hall catering to a business clientele. Beginning in the 2000s, China Chalet contemporaneously operated as a rental space for nightlife events, alternately serving as an event space, nightclub, and concert venue. China Chalet permanently closed in 2020.