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Baile Hill
Baile Hill est un tertre de construction humaine situé dans la région de Bishophill à York, en Angleterre. C'est le seul vestige de la motte castrale qui était connue sous le nom de Old Baile.
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Baile Hill
Baile Hill is a man-made earth mound in the Bishophill area of York, England. It is the only remaining feature of the fortification known as the Old Baile.
The origins of Baile Hill date back to 1068. Having seized York in that year, William the Conqueror built a castle on the south side of the city close to the River Ouse. Then, as a response to a rebellion the following year, a second castle was built on the opposite side of the river. There is no clear evidence which of these castles was built first, but it is generally thought to be the one which stood on the site of the later York Castle on the east side of the river, followed by the Old Baile on the west side.
Like its opposite counterpart, the Old Baile was a motte-and-bailey castle. The motte was approximately 40 feet (12 m) high and 180 feet (66 m) in diameter, and was surrounded by a large ditch. A flight of steps led to a wooden structure at the top which was surrounded by a fence, also made of wood. The bailey lay to the north-west of the motte and was rectangular. Around its perimeter was an earth rampart and an outer ditch.
The castle, it is believed, was not in regular use for long. By the 13th century it was in the hands of the Archbishop of York and in 1322 Archbishop Melton agreed to defend it in times of war. By c. 1340 part of the city wall had been built along the south-east and south-west sides of the Old Baile, incorporating the existing ramparts and ditch, however, these defences were rarely called into use. The only notable occasion was the siege of York in 1644 during the Civil War, when Baile Hill was used as a royalist gun emplacement. Apart from that, however, the Old Baile was used mainly for grazing and recreation activities, particularly archery during the medieval period.
Today, Baile Hill stands at the junction of Baile Hill Terrace and Cromwell Road. The only other visible evidence of the former castle are two slight dips in the city wall rampart, one next to Baile Hill and the other close to Victoria Bar, which indicate the location of the former ditch. Houses built during the 1880s cover the rest of the Old Baile.
85 m
Bonding Warehouse
The Bonding Warehouse is a historic building in the city centre of York in England.
The building lies between Skeldergate and the southwest bank of the River Ouse. It was constructed in two sections, the northern block being built between 1872 and 1873, and the southern block in 1875. Both were designed by George Styan, the surveyor of the city of York. It was originally known as the Bonded Warehouse, and commissioned by York Corporation, for customs house officials to store goods on which duty had not yet been paid.
In the 20th century, there was less commercial traffic on the river, and the warehouse closed in 1958. It was then used by Rowntree's for storage, then in 1981 was converted into a pub and steakhouse. In the 1990s, it was converted into a music and comedy venue, but it closed in 2000, following flooding. In 2004, it was briefly squatted by the York Peace Collective. In 2012, it was converted into a mix of offices and apartments, with concrete casings and a new footbridge enabling access even when the local area was flooded. The building has been grade II listed since 1977.
The building is constructed of pink brick, with multicoloured brick dressings, an ashlar plinth on the riverside front, and slate roofs. The northern block is three storeys high and seven bays wide, and the southern block has two storeys and six bays. The central bay of the northern block has original lifting doors on the upper floors. There is a parapet, which rises to a gable over the central bay. The southeast front is two storeys high and five bays wide, and a gable over the central bay is inscribed "BONDING WAREHOUSE/ AD 1875". On the street front, the northern block is mostly six bays wide, with a single bay to the left set further back. There are lifting doors in the second bay. The southern block comes further forward.
Inside, the northern block has an original full-height stone staircase with cast iron bannisters and handrail. The lower floors have brick vaulting on cast iron columns. The roof of the northern block has five queen post trusses, and the southern block four king post trusses.
141 m
York Franciscan Friary
York Franciscan Friary was a friary in York, North Yorkshire, England. It was located between York Castle and the River Ouse. In 1538, it fell victim to Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries. All that now remains of it is a stone wall on King's Staith, adjacent to the Davy Tower on the York city walls.
155 m
The Swan, York
The Swan is a Grade II listed historic pub, immediately south-west of the city centre of York, in England.
It was built as a beer house and grocery in 1861, at the end of a terrace on Bishopgate Street, the northern extension of Bishopthorpe Road. In 1899 it was purchased by the Joshua Tetley's & Son brewery, which in 1936 decided to remodel it. The redesign was executed by the Leeds architecture firm Kitson, Parish, Ledgard and Pyman, and it survives largely intact.
The design centres on a large drinking lobby, with two rooms leading off, the public bar to the front and the grander smoke room to the rear. Each has a hatch for bar service. There is a hatch from the servery to Clementhorpe, which was used for take-out sales, but is no longer in use. At the rear of the pub, there are stairs up to first-floor accommodation, and down to the cellar.
Surviving features from the 1936 redesign include the fitted seats, terrazzo floor, bell pushes, and toilets. It was made a Tetley's heritage pub in 1985 and was listed in 2010 following a campaign by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA). That organisation describes the pub as "one of the best preserved interiors of its kind in the country".
In 2009, CAMRA named The Swan its York Pub of the Year. By 2017, it was owned by Punch Taverns. That year, the landlord used the Pubs Code Regulations 2016 to move from being a tied house to operating on a market rent-only basis. In 2020, the pub was one of 14 in the city to appear in the Good Beer Guide.
164 m
Davy Tower
The Davy Tower is a feature of the York city walls in England.
The stone tower was built around 1250, probably at the end of a wall or earthwork leading to Castlegate, around the moat of York Castle. It was first recorded in 1315, and by 1424 the part of the city inside the walls was occupied by the York Franciscan Friary. Until 1553, a chain could be strung across the River Ouse from the tower to a now-demolished tower near Skeldergate. From 1607, a public toilet adjoined the tower, on the river side, known as the "Sugar House". In 1732, it was replaced by a stone arch, the Friargate Postern.
Around 1730, the tower was altered, when a summerhouse was constructed in its southern corner: the basement in stone, and the raised ground floor in brick. It was extended in about 1830, and has since filled all but the north-west corner of the tower, which has been demolished. The building was extended again in the 20th century, incorporating a coal store and a new concrete floor. In 1954, it was Grade II* listed.
The mediaeval stone wall is about 10 feet high and 1 foot 8 thick, and it retains two original windows: an arrowslit in a cross shape, and a musket loop. Some internal features survive from the 18th century, including a chimneypiece, window seats, a dado rail with panelling, and a cornice.