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L'étang de Blackford est un petit étang artificiel situé dans le quartier de Blackford à Édimbourg, en Écosse. Il a été créé à l'époque victorienne dans une cuvette glaciaire de la région de Blackford, à Édimbourg. Selon les cartes de l'Ordnance Survey, il aurait été créé entre 1800 et 1900 dans une cuvette creusée par la glace.
1. Faune
Il abrite d'importantes populations d'oiseaux, notamment des cygnes et des canards. Un petit nichoir, installé sur l'île artificielle au milieu de l'étang, attire les oiseaux toute l'année. L'étang était autrefois utilisé par l'Université d'Édimbourg pour démontrer l'utilisation du marquage-recapture pour compter les poissons.
1. Géographie
L'étang fait 225 mètres sur 60 et possède une île artificielle, qui avait été érodée jusqu'à un quart de sa superficie jusqu'à sa restauration en 2010. L'eau est eutrophique en raison du ruissellement des jardins voisins, ainsi que des restes de pain donnés aux oiseaux et des excréments de ces derniers. Cela peut entraîner des proliférations d'algues qui épuisent le niveau d'oxygène dans l'étang. Il n'y a pas d'entrées d'eau visibles, mais il y a un drain à l'extrémité est qui maintient le niveau d'eau constant. En 2010, des travaux ont été réalisés afin de restaurer les bords surpâturés de l'étang.
1. Accessibilité
L'étang est populaire auprès des familles, en raison de son accessibilité et de la présence d'une aire de jeux. L'étang est situé à côté de Blackford Hill et est facilement accessible depuis les deux extrémités. L'étang était utilisé par le Waverley Curling Club, formé en 1848 par des membres du Merchiston Curling Club. Des photographies montrent que le curling était pratiqué sur l'étang jusqu'au XXe siècle. L'étang gèle souvent, suffisamment pour supporter le poids des oiseaux, mais pas assez pour supporter en toute sécurité un humain.
1. Références
1. Liens externes
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2 m
Blackford Pond
Blackford Pond is a small, artificial pond in the Blackford area of Edinburgh, Scotland. The pond was created during the Victorian era in a glacial hollow in the Blackford region of Edinburgh. According to Ordnance Survey maps, it was created between 1800 and 1900 in an ice-scoured hollow.
238 m
Jordan Burn
The Jordan Burn, is the name of a stream, now culverted for much of its course, that runs through the Victorian suburb of Morningside in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was until 1856 the southern boundary of the city and county. It is a tributary of the Braid Burn. Its eastern part is known as the Pow Burn.
The Jordan first appears so named on the Roy map of Edinburgh (1753) "in obvious allusion to its position between 'Egypt' and 'Canaan'" (see below). It was originally called the Pow Burn when the Wester Burgh Muir, the area that became Morningside, was first feued by the Edinburgh magistrates in 1586. It was also popularly known in the past as the "Braid Burn", because it marked the northern boundary of the Braid Estate, but should not be confused with its namesake above which takes a more southerly course.
The Jordan rises on Craighouse Hill, then runs eastwards under Myreside Road and along the southern edge of the Royal Edinburgh Hospital grounds, where it is fed by the Comiston Burn from South Morningside, to the end of Maxwell Street. It then flows under Morningside Road between the south side of Jordan Lane and north side of Nile Grove, continuing from there under Woodburn Terrace and through the grounds of the Astley Ainslie Hospital, where it surfaces briefly. It then continues through Blackford until it reaches Mayfield, at which point it becomes known by its old name, the Pow Burn. After leaving Newington, it joins the Braid Burn at Peffermill, where it turns in a north-easterly direction. At Duddingston Mills the name changes again, this time to the Figgate Burn which enters the Firth of Forth at Portobello, having travelled a total distance of approximately ten miles.
The name is one of a cluster of biblical names for lands and houses in the Morningside area. These include 'Eden', 'Paradise', 'Jordan', 'Nile', 'Salem', 'Bethel', 'Hebron', 'Goshen', and 'Zion Mount'. They seem connected in origin with a farm called 'Egypt' which stood just south of the burn where present-day Nile Grove and Woodburn Terrace meet. The farm buildings were demolished in the 1890s when the city expanded southwards on the slope of the former Burgh Muir. The farm is first mentioned in the city's Burgh Records of 1585 where it is referred to as "Littill Egypt". Since the leaders of Britain's gypsy communities often styled themselves Kings of 'Little Egypt', it has been surmised that the name indicates a gypsy presence on the muir in the 16th century when "Egyptianis" are mentioned in several official documents from the reign of James V. The lands lying immediately north of the farm, beyond the Jordan Burn, are described as "Canaan", in the Burgh Records of 1661, suggesting the initial spread of names with biblical associations. These appear to have proliferated in the Victorian period, being very likely added by Bible-conscious residents of the expanding suburb of Morningside who wished to perpetuate the tradition; so much so that it contributed to the district's reputation of being the city's "Bible Belt".
As late as the mid-1960s, the author of a survey of Edinburgh wrote of the community in Morningside that,
...respect is due to this disciplined if stolid army of South Edinburgh, repairing each week in satins and 'stands' of Sabbath broadcloth to its respective persuasions at 'Holy Corner', (Churchhill) and similar ecclesiastical meccas, and in the pleasant Sunday afternoons making pilgrimages to the large, airy, orderly and flowery cemeteries of Grange, Morningside and Newington. This society sent many of its sons and daughters to settle in New Zealand (among other regions) and to graft the names and cultures of home into places like Dunedin. Its influence has been truly world-wide. So, if an Empire has been lost, this cannot be laid at Morningside's door. Moreover, the influence of its missionary zeal upon the benighted heathen has probably been greater than that of any comparable area on earth.
The Jordan Burn/Pow Burn (above) and the Braid Burn (below) from Ordnance Survey maps of 1854-1855, before Jordan and Pow Burns were culveted. The confluence of the Pow Burn with the Braid Burn is at top right.
518 m
Blackford Hill railway station
Blackford Hill railway station was a railway station in the Blackford area of Edinburgh, Scotland. It was located at the foot of Blackford Hill on the Edinburgh Suburban and Southside Junction Railway (ESSJR). It was opened on 1 December 1884.
Blackford Hill station closed in 1962, when passenger rail services were withdrawn from the Edinburgh Suburban line although the line itself was retained for rail freight use. The route continues to be used for freight services to this day, so freight trains avoid Edinburgh's main stations of Edinburgh Waverley and Haymarket, and occasionally diverted passenger trains also pass along this line.
560 m
Royal Observatory, Edinburgh
The Royal Observatory, Edinburgh (ROE) is an astronomical institution located on Blackford Hill in Edinburgh. The site is owned by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). The ROE comprises the UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC) of STFC, the Institute for Astronomy of the School of Physics and Astronomy of the University of Edinburgh, and the ROE Visitor Centre.
The observatory carries out astronomical research and university teaching; design, project management, and construction of instruments and telescopes for astronomical observatories; and teacher training in astronomy and outreach to the public. The ROE Library includes the Crawford Collection of books and manuscripts gifted in 1888 by the 26th Earl of Crawford. Before it moved to the present site in 1896, the Royal Observatory was located on Calton Hill, close to the centre of Edinburgh, at what is now known as the City Observatory.
560 m
UK Astronomy Technology Centre
The UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC) is based at the Royal Observatory in Edinburgh, Scotland, and is part of the Science and Technology Facilities Council.
The UK ATC designs, builds, develops, tests and manages major instrumentation projects in support of UK and international Astronomy. It has design offices, workshops and test facilities for both ground- and space-based instruments, including a suite of test labs capable of handling the largest current and projected instruments.
The UK ATC was formed in 1998 in Edinburgh from the technology departments of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh (ROE), and the Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge (RGO). Its initial "customers" were the then new Gemini Observatory, the former ROE observatories in Hawaii (the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) and the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT)), and a former RGO observatory, the Isaac Newton Group on La Palma, Canary Islands. More recently, collaboration with the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have gained importance. Major projects and collaborations include:
Several first-generation instruments for the Gemini Observatory.
A mid-infrared spectrometer for the UKIRT and the Gemini Observatory.
Data acquisition and reduction software for the UKIRT and the JCMT.
The Wide Field Infrared Camera for the UKIRT.
The Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver of the Herschel Space Observatory.
The Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for UK universities and ESO.
A high-sensitivity, wide-field, sub-millimetre camera for the JCMT (SCUBA2).
The MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) for the JWST.
Observing tool software for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array.
Design studies for ESO's European Extremely Large Telescope.
An infrared K-band multi-object spectrometer for ESO's Very Large Telescope.
The European Union funded Optical Infrared Coordination Network for Astronomy (OPTICON).
Following increased government emphasis on knowledge transfer and declining funds for the Science and Technology Facilities Council the UK ATC is increasingly working on projects with astronomical institutions beyond the UK and the EU, with institutions dedicated to science and technology other than astronomy, and with technology-related businesses.