Château de Brougham

Le château de Brougham est un bâtiment médiéval situé à environ 3,2 km au sud-est de Penrith. Le château a été fondé par Robert de Vieuxpont (en) au début du XIIIe siècle. Le site, à proximité de la confluence des rivières Eamont et Lowther, avait été choisi par les Romains pour y construire un fort romain appelé Brocavum (en). Le château, associé au fort, est classé monument ancien (en), sous l'appellation « fort romain de Brougham et château de Brougham ». À l'origine, le château était composé d'un donjon en pierre, avec une enceinte protégée par un talus de terre et une palissade en bois. Lors de la construction du château, Robert Vieuxpont faisait partie du petit nombre de seigneurs fidèles au roi dans la région. Les Vieuxpont étaient une famille de puissants propriétaires terriens de l'Angleterre du Nord-Ouest et possédaient également les châteaux d'Appeby et de Brough. En 1264, le petit-fils de Robert de Vieuxpont, également prénommé Robert, fut déclaré traître et ses biens lui furent confisqués par Henri III. Le château de Brougham et les autres domaines finirent par être rendus à la famille Vieuxpont, et restèrent en leur possession jusqu'en 1269, date à laquelle les propriétés furent transmises à la famille Clifford par le lien du mariage. Lorsque les guerres d’indépendance de l’Écosse éclatèrent en 1296, Brougham devint une base militaire importante pour Robert de Clifford. Il entreprit une refortification du château: les moyens de défense extérieurs en bois furent remplacés par des murs en pierre plus solides et plus imposants, et la grande guérite fut ajoutée. L'importance de Brougham et la renommée de Roger Clifford étaient telles que, en 1300, ce dernier accueillit Édouard Ier au château. Le deuxième Roger Clifford fut exécuté comme traître en 1322, et les propriétés familiales revinrent à Édouard II, même si la famille les récupéra lorsqu'Édouard III monta sur le trône. La région fut souvent menacée par les Écossais, et en 1388, le château fut capturé et pillé. Par la suite, les Clifford se mirent à passer plus de temps dans leurs autres châteaux, notamment dans celui de Skipton, situé dans le Yorkshire. Brougham resta dans les mains des Clifford pendant plusieurs générations, servant par intermittence de résidence. Cependant, en 1592, George Clifford passant davantage de temps dans le sud de l'Angleterre en raison de son rôle de Queen's Champion (en), l'état du château se détériora. Il fut brièvement restauré au début du XVIIe siècle, à tel point que James Ier y fut reçu en 1617. En 1643, Lady Anne Clifford hérita des domaines, parmi eux, les châteaux de Brougham, Appleby et Brough, et elle entreprit de les restaurer. Le château de Brougham fut maintenu en bon état pendant une courte période après la mort de Lady Anne en 1676; cependant, le comte de Thanet (en), qui avait hérité des propriétés de la famille Clifford, vendit le mobilier en 1714. La carcasse vide fut laissée à la pourriture car l'entretien était trop coûteux. Les ruines du château de Brougham inspirèrent un tableau de J.M.W. Turner et furent mentionnées au début du poème de William Wordsworth intitulé Le Prélude. Dans les années 1930, le château était géré par le Ministry of Works (en) et est aujourd'hui entretenu par son successeur, l'English Heritage.

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Brocavum

Brocavum is the Latin name of a Roman fort at Brougham near Penrith, Cumbria. The fort survives as earthworks, but no excavation of these has been carried out so far.

Brougham Castle

Brougham Castle (pronounced ) is a medieval building about 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of Penrith, Cumbria, England. The castle was founded by Robert I de Vieuxpont in the early 13th century. The site, near the confluence of the rivers Eamont and Lowther, had been chosen by the Romans for a Roman fort called Brocavum. The castle, along with the fort, is a scheduled monument: "Brougham Roman fort and Brougham Castle". In its earliest form, the castle consisted of a stone keep, with an enclosure protected by an earthen bank and a wooden palisade. When the castle was built, Robert de Vieuxpont was one of the only lords in the region who were loyal to King John. The Vieuxponts were a powerful land-owning family in North West England, who also owned the castles of Appleby and Brough. In 1264, Robert de Vieuxpont's grandson, also named Robert, was declared a traitor, and his property was confiscated by Henry III. Brougham Castle and the other estates were eventually returned to the Vieuxpont family, and stayed in their possession until 1269, when the estates passed to the Clifford family through marriage. With the outbreak of the Wars of Scottish Independence, in 1296, Brougham became an important military base for Robert Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford. He began refortifying the castle: the wooden outer defences were replaced with stronger, more impressive stone walls, and a large stone gatehouse was added. The importance of Brougham and Robert Clifford was such that, in 1300, he hosted King Edward I of England at the castle. Robert's son, Roger Clifford, was executed as a traitor, in 1322, and the family estates passed into the possession of King Edward II of England, although they were returned once his son Edward III became king. The region was often at risk from the Scots, and in 1388, the castle was captured and sacked. Following this, the Cliffords began spending more time at their other castles, particularly Skipton Castle in North Yorkshire. Brougham descended through several generations of Cliffords, intermittently serving as a residence. However, by 1592, it was in a state of disrepair, as George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland was spending more time in southern England due to his role as Queen's Champion. The castle was briefly restored in the early 17th century, to such an extent, that King James I of England was entertained there in 1617. In 1643, Lady Anne Clifford inherited the estates, including the castles of Brougham, Appleby, and Brough, and set about restoring them. Brougham Castle was kept in good condition for a short time, after Lady Anne's death in 1676; however, Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet, who had inherited the Clifford estates, sold the furnishings in 1714. The empty shell was left to decay, as it was too costly to maintain. As a ruin, Brougham Castle inspired a painting by J. M. W. Turner, and was mentioned at the start of William Wordsworth's poem The Prelude, as well as becoming the subject of Wordsworth's Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle upon the Restoration of Lord Clifford, the Shepherd, to the Estates and Honours of his Ancestors. The castle was left to the Ministry of Works, in the 1930s, and is today maintained by its successor, English Heritage.

Penrith A.F.C.

Penrith Association Football Club are a football club based in Penrith, Cumbria, England. They play in the Northern League Division One and their home games take place at the Frenchfield Park Stadium. The club moto is RES-NON-VERBA which is the Latin phrase that translated means "actions speak louder than words" or "deeds not words" and features on the club crest. The team are also known as "The Bonny Blues" as the home strip features a blue shirt with blue shorts and blue socks; the away colours are a red shirt with red shorts and red socks.

Countess Pillar

The Countess Pillar is a 17th-century monument near Brougham, Cumbria, England, between Penrith and Appleby. It is two miles east of Penrith on the A66. The square top of the pillar is brightly painted and carries sundials on its sides. It was erected by Lady Anne Clifford in 1656 to mark the place where she said goodbye for the last time to her mother, Margaret Clifford, Countess of Cumberland. Anne Clifford, countess of Pembroke, Dorset and Montgomery (1590–1676), spent much of her life in a long and complex legal battle to obtain the rights of her inheritance. Her mother was one of the few people who supported Anne's claim to the family estates. In 1616 Anne travelled north to see "her" estates and visit her mother at Brougham Castle. On her departure from the castle, Anne travelled with her mother a quarter of a mile to where the castle drive meets the main road, where they had "a grievous and heavy parting". Margaret died a month later. The inscription on the pillar describes Anne as "Sole Heire" of her father, George Earl of Cumberland. It also refers to a bequest in memory of Margaret which was made to the poor of the parish of Brougham. This is commemorated annually on 2 April.

Carleton, Penrith

Carleton is a suburb of the town of Penrith, Cumbria, England, that has seen a huge growth in housing since the 1960s and is, of 2018, still expanding due to the Carleton Meadows, Carleton Manor and Woodberry Heights developments. It was formerly a separate small village or hamlet one mile east of the centre of Penrith.