Taureau de Wall Street

Le Taureau de Wall Street (en anglais Charging Bull, Wall Street Bull ou Bowling Green Bull) est une sculpture en bronze de l'artiste italien Arturo Di Modica située au Bowling Green Park, près de la bourse de New York (Wall Street) aux États-Unis.

1. Généralités


1. = Construction et installation =

La fabrication de la sculpture de bronze a coûté 360 000 USD à l’artiste Di Modica. Elle a été installée par son auteur en face de la bourse de New York après le krach boursier de 1987, comme un symbole de la « force et la puissance du peuple ». Son installation est illégale car effectuée sans autorisation de la ville. Dans un acte se présentant comme relevant de « l’art de la guérilla », Di Modica a transporté par camion sa sculpture du taureau le 15 décembre 1989 à Lower Manhattan. Il l’a déposée sous un arbre de Noël, face à la bourse de New York, tel un cadeau de Noël pour les New-Yorkais. La police a aussitôt saisi la sculpture et l’a placée dans une fourrière. Le taureau de Wall Street n’a pas disparu longtemps, le New York City Department of Parks and Recreation lui a permis d’être transféré vers son emplacement actuel, sur la place du Bowling Green, à deux blocs au sud de la Bourse.

1. = Œuvre =

La sculpture pèse 3,2 tonnes, mesure 3,4 mètres de haut et 4,9 mètres de long. Selon l'artiste, la sculpture est le symbole de la force, du pouvoir et de l'espoir du peuple américain pour le futur. Il incarne les hausses de la bourse : en effet, les taureaux chargent toujours du bas vers le haut. À l’origine, l’expression « bullish » en anglais signifie hausse de la bourse. Le pied droit du taureau est dirigé vers l’avant, vers Wall Street, ce qui suggère qu’il est en mouvement, en mouvement financièrement. La tête baissée et les narines évasées signifient qu’il charge ; dans ce cas-ci, il charge dans la zone commerciale.

1. = Lieu touristique =

Dès le premier jour où la sculpture a été mise en place à Bowling Green, elle a obtenu un succès immédiat. C’est l’une des œuvres les plus photographiées de la ville de New York. Les touristes posent constamment à ses côtés et aiment aussi l’escalader. Selon une tradition populaire, gratter le nez et saisir les cornes apporte la joie et les testicules du taureau apporte la chance.

1. = Propriété =

La statue appartient à Arturo Di Modica et non à la municipalité de New York : elle bénéficie, en théorie, d'un permis autorisant son exposition temporaire sur la propriété de la ville. Les expositions d'œuvres d'art temporaires sont normalement limitées à un an. Ce permis ayant été délivré en 1989, elle devrait normalement avoir disparu de Bowling Green Park mais elle est devenue une attraction touristique et par conséquent est considérée par les autorités et la population new-yorkaise comme étant un monument permanent de la ville. En 2004, l'artiste annonce que la statue est à vendre à condition que l'acquéreur s'engage à ne pas la déplacer de Bowling Green Park.

1. = « Vandalisme » =

La sculpture du taureau avec ses testicules étant très masculinement connotée, l'artiste Kristen Visbal érige en face d'elle, en 2017, la sculpture d'une fillette s'opposant au taureau, et titrée Fearless Girl (La Fille sans peur). Cette initiative est perçue comme relevant de la symbolique féministe par les uns, dont la Mairie qui en autorise l'exposition prolongée au-delà de la semaine initialement prévue, tandis que pour d'autres, dont Arturo di Modica qui menace de retirer son œuvre, il s'agirait de vandalisme. La sculpture de La Fille sans peur est déplacée fin 2018 en face du New York Stock Exchange.

1. Au cinéma

La sculpture apparaît à la fin du film Don't Look Up : Déni cosmique (2021), flottant dans l'espace.

1. Notes et références


1. Voir aussi


1. = Articles connexes =

Wall Street Arturo Di Modica Fearless Girl

1. = Liens externes =

Ressource relative aux beaux-arts : Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture

(en) « Histoire de l'installation »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) (fr) « http://www.navigaia.com/fr/video/1674/etats-unis/new-york/charging-bull.html »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) A Newyorchese Story: How the Bull Chose Wall Street (En Anglais) Tiziano Thomas Dossena, Bridge Puglia USA, 6/2011 Portail de la sculpture Portail de la finance Portail de New York

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Charging Bull

Charging Bull (sometimes referred to as the Bull of Wall Street or the Bowling Green Bull) is a bronze sculpture that stands on Broadway just north of Bowling Green in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The 7,100-pound (3,200 kg) bronze sculpture, standing 11 feet (3.4 m) tall and measuring 16 feet (4.9 m) long, depicts a bull, the symbol of financial optimism and prosperity. Charging Bull is a popular tourist destination that draws thousands of people a day, symbolizing Wall Street and the Financial District. The sculpture was created by Italian artist Arturo Di Modica in the wake of the 1987 Black Monday stock market crash. Late in the evening of Thursday, December 14, 1989, Di Modica arrived on Wall Street with Charging Bull on the back of a truck and illegally dropped the sculpture outside of the New York Stock Exchange Building. After being removed by the New York City Police Department later that day, Charging Bull was installed at Bowling Green on December 20, 1989. Despite initially having only a temporary permit to be located at Bowling Green, Charging Bull became a popular tourist attraction. Di Modica may have been influenced by a pair of huge metallic sculptures, a charging bull and a bear, placed in front of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 1985 as part of the 400th anniversary celebration of the exchange. Following the success of the original sculpture, Di Modica created a number of variations of the Charging Bull which have been sold to private collectors. Charging Bull has been a subject of criticism from an anti-capitalist perspective, such as in the Occupy Wall Street protests of 2011, and has also been compared to the biblical golden calf worshiped by the Israelites shortly after their exodus from Egypt.

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