Battle of Newburn

The Battle of Newburn, took place on 28 August 1640, during the Second Bishops' War, near Newburn in northern England. A Scottish Covenanter army of 20,000 under Alexander Leslie defeated an English force of 5,000, led by Viscount Conway. The only significant military action of the war, victory enabled the Scots to take Newcastle upon Tyne, which provided the bulk of London's coal supplies, and allowed them to put pressure on Charles I of England. The October 1640 Treaty of Ripon required him to recall Parliament to ratify the peace settlement. He did so in November 1640, a key element in the events leading to the outbreak of the First English Civil War in August 1642.