The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also known as Austrian Galicia or colloquially Austrian Poland, was a constituent possession of the Habsburg monarchy, encompassing the historical region of Galicia, and also including parts of historical regions of Lodomeria and Lesser Poland. The crown land was established in 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, when Habsburgs annexed those regions, previously belonging to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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In 1804, it became a crown land of the newly proclaimed Austrian Empire. From 1867, it was a crown land within the Cisleithanian or Austrian half of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. It maintained a degree of provincial autonomy, and its status remained unchanged until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918. The domain was initially carved in 1772 from the southwestern part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. During the following period, several territorial changes occurred. In 1795, the Habsburg monarchy participated in the Third Partition of Poland and annexed additional Polish-held territory, which was renamed as West Galicia. That region was lost in 1809. Some other changes also occurred, by territorial expansion or contraction (1786, 1803, 1809, 1815, 1846, 1849). After 1849, the borders of the crown land remained stable until 1918. During the World War I, it was temporarily occupied and governed within the General Governorate of Galicia and Bukovina (1914–1915). In 1918, after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, its eastern regions were claimed by the Ukrainian People's Republic, and also by the West Ukrainian People's Republic, but following the Polish–Ukrainian War the entire region became part of the Second Polish Republic. As a result of later border changes following World War II, the region of Galicia became divided between the Republic of Poland and the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union, now Poland and Ukraine. The nucleus of historical Galicia broadly corresponds to the modern Lviv, Ternopil, and Ivano-Frankivsk regions of western Ukraine; while the western part makes up the bulk of the Polish Lesser Poland and Subcarpathian Voivodeships and a large part of the Silesian Voivodeship.
