La maison Petrović à Kraljevo (en serbe cyrillique : Кућа Петровића у Краљеву ; en serbe latin : Kuća Petrovića u Kraljevu) se trouve à Lazac, sur le territoire de la ville de Kraljevo et dans le district de Raška, en Serbie. Elle est inscrite sur la liste des monuments culturels protégés de la république de Serbie (identifiant no SK 1498).
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The siege of Kraljevo was the most important battle during the uprising in Serbia in 1941. The siege lasted from 9 to 31 October 1941. The battle was waged between besieging forces of the Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans against German forces garrisoned in Kraljevo in the German-occupied territory of Serbia.
The rebel forces had between 3,000 and 4,000 soldiers. The battle started on 9 October 1941 when Chetniks attacked German forces near Monastery of Žiča. Several days after the battle began in reprisal for the attack on a German garrison, the German forces committed a massacre of approximately 2,000 civilians in the period between 15 and 20 October, in an event known as the Kraljevo massacre.
On 23 October most of the Partisan forces left the siege of Kraljevo and regrouped their forces to attack Chetniks in Čačak, Užice and Požega. The rebels organized their last larger attack on Kraljevo on 31 October, using two tanks previously captured from German forces, but failed after suffering heavy casualties.
In early November most of the Chetnik forces besieging Kraljevo retreated to reinforce their positions in other towns in Western Serbia attacked by communist forces. On 20 November 1941 both rebel formations signed truce only to be soon again defeated by German offensive in December 1941 that forced Partisans to leave Serbia and Mihailović and his Chetniks to flee constant German chases.
Eventually, Soviet Red Army and Partisan forces captured Kraljevo in autumn 1944, killed at least 240 people in communist purges and established communist regime which lasted for about fifty years. The propaganda created by the winning Partisans was almost completely opposed to real events. The official Partisan historiography considered Chetniks as most responsible for the failed siege, presenting them as deceitful and untrustworthy with minimal combat value. On the other hand, the Partisans were depicted as heroically brave despite all odds at retaking the city.
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The Kraljevo massacre was the World War II mass murder of approximately 2,000 residents of the city of Kraljevo in the German-occupied territory of Serbia between 15 and 20 October 1941 by the German Army. The massacre came in reprisal for a joint Partisan–Chetnik attack on a German garrison during the Siege of Kraljevo in which 10 German soldiers were killed and 14 wounded. The number of hostages to be shot was calculated based on a ratio of 100 hostages executed for every German soldier killed and 50 hostages executed for every German soldier wounded, a formula devised by Adolf Hitler with the intent of suppressing anti-Nazi resistance in Eastern Europe.
The German Army initially responded by rounding up and executing 300 Serbian civilians, described in contemporary documents as "communists, nationalists, democrats and Jews." Over the following several days, all men between the ages of 14 and 60 were arrested and herded into a makeshift detention centre at the local rolling-stock factory. Once there, their papers were checked and their names entered into a ledger. When the camp was full, the German Army ordered groups of 100 prisoners to march to pre-dug mass graves, where they were executed with heavy machine guns. The bodies were then examined for any signs of life; victims that had survived the initial volley were dealt a single bullet to the head. Once the first group had been liquidated, the soldiers returned to the factory and collected the next 100 victims. This process continued until all the men that were rounded up had been killed. The reprisals lasted several days. Following the shooting of hostages from the rolling-stock factory, the German Army deployed through the surrounding villages, burning homes and killing indiscriminately. According to the 717th Infantry Division's own records, 1,736 men and 19 "communist" women from the city and its outskirts were executed, despite attempts by local collaborationists to mitigate the punishment. Twenty members of the 717th Infantry Division were later conferred Iron Crosses for their role in the killings.
The massacre at Kraljevo, as well as a similar and nearly concurrent massacre in nearby Kragujevac, convinced German commanders that mass killings of Serbian hostages were not only ineffectual but also counterproductive, as they drove locals into the hands of insurgents and sometimes resulted in the deaths of factory workers contributing to the German war effort. Following the war, several senior German military officials were tried and convicted for their involvement in the reprisal shootings at the Nuremberg Trials and the Subsequent Nuremberg trials.
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Kraljevo is a city and the administrative center of the Raška District in central Serbia. It is situated on the confluence of West Morava and Ibar, in the geographical region of Šumadija, between the mountains of Kotlenik in the north, and Stolovi in the south.
In 2022, the city urban area has a population of 57,432 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 110,196 inhabitants. With an area of 1530 km2, it is the largest municipality in Serbia by area.
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The National Museum Kraljevo was founded in 1950, under the name Rankovićevo City Museum, as a local heritage museum. It got its current name in 1955. The National Museum Kraljevo serves the cities of Kraljevo and Novi Pazar, as well as the municipalities of Raška, Vrnjačka Banja, and Tutin.
Housed in a historic school building constructed in 1873, the museum moved into this location after the Kraljevo Municipal Assembly transferred ownership in 1985. The building underwent extensive renovations, with the first phase completed in 1995, adding a large, representative gallery. The final phase, completed between 2002 and 2005, expanded the museum to a total area of 1,270 square meters over four levels. The museum is located across the street from the local archive and next to the Church of the Holy Trinity.
It is a comprehensive museum with its entire collection divided into six categories: Natural History, Archaeology, Numismatics, History, Ethnology, and Art. In addition to the main building on Sveti Sava Square in Kraljevo, the Museum also includes a building on Karađorđeva Street where the Olivera Radojković Čolović Legacy is housed. Together with the Historical Archive of Kraljevo the museum publishes peer reviewed annual journal Naša prošlost.
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The Holy Trinity Cathedral is an Eastern Orthodox church located in Kraljevo, Serbia. It is under jurisdiction of the Eparchy of Žiča of the Serbian Orthodox Church and serves as its cathedral church.
Built between 1822 and 1824, church was founded by Prince Miloš Obrenović as one of his notable endowments, near the location where the Second Serbian Uprising was initiated.
