Siege of Carlisle (1315)

The siege of Carlisle took place from 22 July to 1 August 1315, during the First War of Scottish Independence, near the town of Carlisle, in Cumbria, England. Following victory at Bannockburn in 1314, Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, launched a series of raids into Northern England. Many areas along the Anglo-Scottish border were claimed by both Scotland and England, including Carlisle, which controlled access to North-West England. Carlisle Castle was a strong position, defended by a garrison commanded by Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle, an experienced veteran soldier. Despite their battlefield victories, the Scots lacked the expertise or resources necessary to sustain a lengthy siege; after failing to breach the walls, they withdrew on 1 August. Victory played an important part in Harclay's rise to prominence; he was later created Earl of Carlisle, before being executed in 1323.

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Siege of Carlisle (November 1745)

The first siege of Carlisle was an important event of the 1745–1746 Jacobite rising. Jacobite forces loyal to Prince Charles Edward Stuart captured the city of Carlisle and Carlisle Castle on 14–15 November 1745.

Siege of Carlisle (December 1745)

The second siege of Carlisle in 1745 took place from 21 to 30 December during the Jacobite rising of that year, when a Jacobite garrison surrendered to government forces led by the Duke of Cumberland. The town had been captured the previous month in the first siege of 1745 by the Jacobite army that invaded England in November 1745 and reached as far south as Derby, before turning back on 6 December. They re-entered Carlisle on 19 December, and after leaving a garrison of 400 men, the main army continued its retreat into Scotland the next day. Advance elements of the government army reached Carlisle on 21 December, but siege operations were delayed until their heavy artillery arrived six days later. They commenced firing on 28 December, and the Jacobites surrendered on 30th; 384 prisoners were taken, some of whom were later executed and others transported to the West Indies.

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Border Rural District

Border was a rural district of Cumberland, England from 1934 to 1974. It was formed by a County Review Order in 1934, by a merger of Longtown Rural District, most of Brampton Rural District and nearly all of Carlisle Rural District, as well as a part of Penrith Rural District. It entirely surrounded the County Borough of Carlisle. In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, going on to form an enlarged City of Carlisle district with Carlisle.

Appin Murder

The Appin Murder (Scottish Gaelic: Murt na h-Apainn) was the assassination by a concealed marksman of Colin Roy Campbell, the Clan Campbell tacksman of Glenure and factor for the Forfeited Estates Commission, on 14 May 1752. The murder, which took place on the confiscated estate of Clan Stewart of Appin in Lochaber in the west of Scotland, was an act of violent resistance against the large scale clearances taking place on the estate during the aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1745. The assassination led to the trial and execution of James Stewart of the Glens, often characterized as a notorious miscarriage of justice. The murder also inspired events in Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novel Kidnapped and its sequel Catriona.