L'Archivio storico capitolino (Archives historiques du Capitole, acronyme ASC ) sont des archives historiques municipales qui rassemblent la documentation produite par la municipalité de Rome. Administrativement, il s'agit d'une unité organisationnelle de la Surintendance du Capitole pour les biens culturels. Ses locaux sont basés dans l'Oratorio dei Filippini (Oratoire des Philippins), construit par l'architecte Francesco Borromini.
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Santa Maria in Vallicella, also called Chiesa Nuova, is a church in Rome, Italy, which today faces onto the main thoroughfare of the Corso Vittorio Emanuele and the corner of Via della Chiesa Nuova. It is the principal church of the Oratorians, a religious congregation of secular priests, founded by St Philip Neri in 1561 at a time in the 16th century when the Counter Reformation saw the emergence of a number of new religious institutes such as the Jesuits, the Theatines, and the Barnabites. These new congregations were responsible for several great preaching churches built in the Centro Storico, the others being Sant'Andrea della Valle, San Carlo ai Catinari, and The Gesù and Sant'Ignazio.
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Parione is the 6th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. VI, and belongs to the Municipio I. Its name comes from the fact that in the area there was a huge ancient wall, maybe belonging to the stadium of Domitianus; the nickname people gave to this wall was Parietone, from which the name Parione.
The coat of arms of the rione depicts a rampant griffon, a Greek mythological creature with the head of an eagle and the body of a lion. It was chosen as a symbol of pride and nobility.
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The Oratorio dei Filippini is a building located in Rome and erected between 1637 and 1650 under the supervision of architect Francesco Borromini, in his distinctive style. The oratory is adjacent to the Chiesa Nuova Santa Maria in Vallicella, the mother church of the congregation. In front of the two sides was a small closed square, now integrated in the Corso Vittorio Emanuele II.
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The Monument to Nicola Spedalieri is a memorial statue to an 18th-century priest and political theorist; the statue was installed in 1903 at the Piazza Sforza Cesarini along the Corso Vittorio Emanuele II in central Rome, Italy. Spedalieri and his ideas, and thus the monument, have been variously disputed or celebrated by different factions.
Spedalieri's most famous work, De' diritti dell'Uomo, had a mixed reception. Written as a critique of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen approved by the French National Assembly in 1789, Spedalieri supports the idea of natural rights of man, and opposes a tyrannical law imposed by rulers claiming a divine anointment. However, he claims that the selfish desires of human nature need to be tempered by religious authority, specifically Roman Catholic morality. The anti-absolutist ideas in his writings stirred opposition from ruling authorities battling the rising Jacobin and republican forces. These notions led liberal forces of the 19th century to honor him as the origin of an Italian enlightenment about the rights of citizens.
By the late 19th century, Rome, the new capital of the Italian Kingdom, was seeking to memorialize the past in ways that celebrated their political beliefs, but also the struggles for an Italian identity. The Corso had been widened and flanking areas embellished with a number of memorials to both recent heroes of the Italian independence, but also to historical opponents of the forces hindering an Italian identity, for example, Giordano Bruno's monument at Campo di Fiori. Spedalieri was an awkward figure to defend by Liberals, since he had also been supported and supportive in his day of the Papacy.
This monument was first proposed in 1882 by the lawyer Giuseppe Cimbali, a native from the same town in Sicily where Spedalieri was born. In 1893 a committee was established to supervise a contest to erect a monument by the centennial of Spedialeri's death. None of the proposals received by 1894 were approved. A second round of proposals the next year led to the selection of the design by Sicilian sculptor Mario Rutelli. The site and inauguration of the monument were controversial, and the monument was first unveiled, without ceremony, in Piazza Vidoni in the middle of the night of 23 November 1903. In 1951, because of the busy location, the statue was moved to the present Piazza, where it replaced the Monument to Terenzio Mamiani, which was then moved about four blocks north to a park at the intersection of the Corso and Via Acciaioli. Paradoxically Mamiani had written scholarly reassessments of Spedialeri's works that kept the latter's influence current.
The monument is a bronze statue on a pedestal. Spedalieri stands with this opus of Diritti dell'uomo in his left hand. His vestments are not ecclesiastical. Below, on the pedestal is a wreath with the Trinacria, a symbol of Sicily, surrounded by palm leaves. The 1903 inscription reads that the new Italy memorializes Spedalieri.
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The historic district of Rome was declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1980. It covers 19.91 square kilometers and is included in 22 rioni with 186,802 inhabitants. There are 25,000 important archaeological sites and locations.
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