Sobibór ( SOH-bi-bor; Polish: [sobibur], Ukrainian: Собібір, Собібур, Собібор) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włodawa, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. To the south and west is the protected area called Sobibór Landscape Park. It lies close to the Bug River, which forms the border with Belarus and Ukraine.
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The West Polesia Transboundary Biosphere Reserve is a transboundary nature reserve in Polesia, located in Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus. It is designated as an area of global importance under UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves under their Programme on Man and the Biosphere.
The reserve was established in 2012 when the Shatskiy Biosphere Reserve in Ukraine, Polesian National Park in Poland, and Pribuzhskoye Polesia Biosphere Reserve in Belarus were combined to create a UNESCO-certified biosphere reserve. The former Shatskiy Biosphere Reserve, established by UNESCO in 2002, was absorbed into this new reserve and renamed.
The region's administrative offices are located in the Polesian National Park in Poland, the Shatskyi National Nature Park in Ukraine, and the Pribuzskoye Polesia in Belarus.
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The Belarusian–Polish border is the state border between the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Belarus. It has a total length of 398.6 km, 418 km or 416 km. It starts from the triple junction of the borders with Lithuania in the north and stretches to the triple junction borders with Ukraine to the south. It is also part of the EU border with Belarus. The border runs along the administrative borders of two Voivodships Podlaskie and Lubelskie in the Polish side and Grodno and Brest Vobłasć in the Belarusian side. In the Polish side, the 246.93 km section is under the protection of the Podlaski Border Guard Regional Unit, while the 171.31 km section is in the operation area of the Bug Border Guard Regional Unit. Border rivers are Czarna Hańcza, Wołkuszanka, Świsłocz, Narew, and Bug.
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Wołczyny [vɔu̯ˈt͡ʂɨnɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włodawa, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.
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The Sobibór Museum or the Museum of the Former Sobibór Nazi Death Camp, is a Polish state-owned museum devoted to remembering the atrocities committed at the former Sobibor extermination camp located on the outskirts of Sobibór near Lublin. The Nazi German death camp was set up in occupied Poland during World War II, as part of the Jewish extermination program known as the Operation Reinhard, which marked the most deadly phase of the Holocaust in Poland. The camp was run by the SS Sonderkommando Sobibor headed by Franz Stangl. The number of Jews from Poland and elsewhere who were gassed and cremated there between April 1942 and 14 October 1943 is estimated at 250,000; possibly more, including those who came from other Reich-occupied countries.
Since 1 May 2012 the Sobibór Museum has been a branch of the Majdanek State Museum, dedicated to the history and commemoration of the Holocaust camps and subcamps of KL Lublin. Originally, the museum served as an out-of-town division of the district museum in Włodawa nearby founded in 1981. The Ministry of Culture and National Heritage reopened the Museum with additional funding after its administrative reorganisation.
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Sobibor was an extermination camp built and operated by Nazi Germany as part of Operation Reinhard. It was located in the forest near the village of Żłobek Duży in the General Government region of German-occupied Poland.
As an extermination camp rather than a concentration camp, Sobibor existed for the sole purpose of murdering Jews. The vast majority of prisoners were gassed within hours of arrival. Those not killed immediately were forced to assist in the operation of the camp, and few survived more than a few months. In total, some 170,000 to 250,000 people were murdered at Sobibor, making it the fourth-deadliest Nazi camp after Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Belzec.
The camp ceased operation after a prisoner revolt which took place on 14 October 1943. The plan for the revolt involved two phases. In the first phase, teams of prisoners were to discreetly assassinate each of the SS officers. In the second phase, all 600 prisoners would assemble for evening roll call and walk to freedom out the front gate. However, the plan was disrupted after only eleven SS men had been killed. The prisoners had to escape by climbing over barbed wire fences and running through a mine field under heavy machine gun fire. About 300 prisoners made it out of the camp, of whom roughly 60 survived the war.
After the revolt, the Nazis demolished most of the camp in order to hide their crimes from the advancing Red Army. In the first decades after World War II, the site was neglected and the camp had little presence in either popular or scholarly accounts of the Holocaust. It became better known after it was portrayed in the TV miniseries Holocaust and the film Escape from Sobibor. The Sobibor Museum now stands at the site, which continues to be investigated by archaeologists. Photographs of the camp in operation were published in 2020 as part of the Sobibor perpetrator album.