Résidence officielle du Premier ministre

Gallery Location Quiz Nearby Places Construction Acquisition Les modifications après 1974 Organisation Notes et références

La résidence officielle du Premier ministre (en portugais : Residência Oficial do Primeiro-Ministro) est un hôtel particulier situé à Lisbonne, qui accueille les bureaux — et éventuellement la résidence officielle — du Premier ministre du Portugal. Elle jouxte le parc du palais de São Bento, siège de l'Assemblée de la République.

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Location

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Nearby Places

Estado Novo

The Estado Novoʃˈtaðu ˈnovu], lit. 'New State') was the corporatist Portuguese state installed in 1933. It evolved from the Ditadura Nacional formed after the coup d'état of 28 May 1926 against the unstable First Republic. Together, the Ditadura Nacional and the Estado Novo are recognised by historians as the Second Portuguese Republic or Salazarist Portugal. The Estado Novo, greatly inspired by conservative and autocratic ideologies, was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, who was President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 until illness forced him out of office in 1968. Opposed to communism, socialism, syndicalism, anarchism, liberalism and anti-colonialism, the regime was conservative, corporatist, and nationalist in nature, defending Portugal's traditional Catholicism. Its policy envisaged the perpetuation of Portugal as a pluricontinental nation under the doctrine of lusotropicalism, with Angola, Mozambique, and other Portuguese territories as extensions of Portugal itself, it being a supposed source of civilisation and stability to the overseas societies in the African and Asian possessions. Under the Estado Novo, Portugal tried to perpetuate a vast, centuries-old empire with a total area of 2,168,071 square kilometres, while other former colonial powers had, by this time, largely acceded to global calls for self-determination and independence of their overseas colonies. Although Portugal was a dictatorial country, it pursued economic policies aligned with those of democratic and developed nations. The first steps toward economic integration began in 1948 when Portugal joined the Marshall Plan, and subsequently became a founding member of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation. In 1960, Portugal joined the European Free Trade Association, which allowed the country to integrate its industries with European markets while protecting its agriculture and fisheries, where it could not compete with Northern European nations. Portugal also expanded its economic ties globally by joining the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1962. Under Marcelo Caetano, who replaced an ageing Salazar as prime minister in 1968, the country continued to liberalise its economy and advance European integration. This effort culminated in the signing of a free trade agreement with the European Economic Community in 1972. When Portugal, under the Third Portuguese Republic, finally joined the EEC in 1986, most trade barriers with the rest of Western Europe had already been dismantled by the Estado Novo, with the exception of those relating to agricultural goods and fisheries and, more importantly, trade with Spain. On the political front, Portugal was a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949, and joined the United Nations in 1955. From 1950 until Salazar's death in 1970, Portugal saw its GDP per capita increase at an annual average rate of 5.7 per cent, leading to significant economic convergence with wealthier Western European nations. Despite this remarkable economic growth, by the fall of the Estado Novo in 1974, Portugal still had the lowest per capita income and the lowest literacy rate in Western Europe. However, this economic convergence slowed or even reversed after the end of the Estado Novo, as political and economic instability in the post-1974 period hampered further progress. On 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, a military coup organised by left-wing Portuguese military officers—the Armed Forces Movement—led to the end of the Estado Novo.

Government Historic Site

148 m

São Bento Palace

The São Bento Palace is the seat of the Assembly of the Republic, the parliament of Portugal. It is located in the Estrela district of Lisbon. The building has been home to the succession of Portuguese national parliaments since 1834. São Bento Mansion, the official residence of the Prime Minister of Portugal, is within the grounds of São Bento Palace. The building was originally a monastery of the Benedictine Order. Construction began in 1598 and was close to completion when the building was damaged by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Monasteries in Portugal were dissolved in 1834 and São Bento became national property. The building was repurposed as the meeting place of the Cortes Gerais, the parliament of the new constitutional monarchy of Portugal. The building was modified to suit its new purpose. The former chapter house of the monks was remodelled into a meeting chamber in 1867, which remains in use today. A major fire in 1895 led to more extensive changes, which produced the current façade. The Portuguese revolution of 1910 and the formation of the Estado Novo in 1933 replaced the Cortes with different bicameral legislative assemblies, which continued to meet in São Bento Palace. Following the Carnation Revolution in 1974, the building was used for the Constituent Assembly that drafted the current constitution of Portugal, enacted in 1976. The new constitution established the unicameral Assembly of the Republic, which meets in the building.

Landmark Monument

Estrela, Lisbon

Estrela is a freguesia and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in the historic center of Lisbon, Estrela is south of Campo de Ourique, west of Misericórdia, and east of Alcântara. The population in 2011 was 20,128. The Portuguese word estrela means star in English.

Landmark Neighbourhood

Atelier-Museu Júlio Pomar

The Atelier-Museum Júlio Pomar is a museum in Lisbon, Portugal, that preserves and promotes the work of Júlio Pomar through temporary exhibitions, events, conferences, and educational activities. Located between Bairro Alto and Madragoa, two of the city's most popular neighborhoods, the museum building was designed by architect Álvaro Siza, winner of the 1992 Pritzker Architecture Prize. The museum's holdings include approximately 1,500 works by Júlio Pomar and other artists who were close to him.

Museum

Estrela Basilica

The Estrela Basilica or the Royal Basilica and Convent of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, is a minor basilica and ancient carmelite convent in Lisbon, Portugal. Ordered built by Queen Maria I of Portugal as the fulfilment of a vow, the Basilica is not only a product of the Queen's particularly fervent devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, but remains the most important architectural endeavour of her reign. The Estrela Basilica was the first church in the world dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

Church Landmark

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En raison de cette proximité, elle reçoit le surnom de « manoir de São Bento » (Palacete de São Bento).

Construction

La construction du bâtiment a été commandée par Joaquim Machado Cayres, en 1877, aux fins d'en faire sa résidence personnelle. Le terrain choisi, d'une superficie de deux hectares, accueillait également un couvent de l'ordre de Saint-Benoît, édifié en 1598. À la suite de l'extinction des ordres religieux, le couvent a été transformé en palais de São Bento, et est devenu le nouveau lieu de réunion et de travail des députés.

Acquisition

En 1928, le nouveau régime autoritaire exproprie le manoir, afin d'en faire la résidence officielle du président du Conseil des ministres. Une fois des travaux réalisés, António de Oliveira Salazar s'y installe en mai 1938, mais l'inauguration a lieu onze mois plus tard. À l'occasion des travaux, un escalier a été bâti afin de faciliter les déplacements vers le Parlement. Avec l'arrivée au pouvoir de Marcelo Caetano, à la suite du départ de Salazar en 1968, l'édifice a subi de nombreuses transformations, seules subsistant les façades originelles.

Les modifications après 1974

Après la révolution des Œillets, la demeure et le jardin ont subi quelques modifications, mais il a fallu attendre 1986, à l'époque d'Aníbal Cavaco Silva, pour que de nouveaux travaux de réfection soient engagés, donnant au bâtiment une meilleure fonctionnalité et une image plus moderne. Le garage à étage, notamment, a été remplacé par une résidence pouvant accueillir les visiteurs étrangers. En 2007, afin d'accroître l'efficience énergétique de la résidence, une éolienne, d'une capacité de production de 3,5 MWh/an, et des panneaux photovoltaïques, pouvant produire jusqu'à 6,7 MWh/an, ont été installés.

Organisation

Au rez-de-chaussée du bâtiment se trouve, immédiatement à droite du hall, la salle des visites (Sala de Visitas). Celle-ci communique par une porte avec la salle des audiences (Sala de Audiências). La salle des audiences est elle-même reliée à la salle à manger (Sala de Jantar), qui donne directement sur les jardins, qui accueillent une piscine et un parc boisé, notamment. L'étage est pour sa part destiné à l'activité gouvernementale propre, avec la salle de réunion du conseil des ministres et les bureaux du Premier ministre.

Notes et références

(pt) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en portugais intitulé « Residência Oficial do Primeiro-Ministro » (voir la liste des auteurs).