L'hôtel Les Trois Luppars est un établissement hôtelier situé à Arras (Pas-de-Calais), sur la Grand'Place, aux numéros 47 et 49.
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Arras is the prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department, which forms part of the region of Hauts-de-France; before the reorganization of 2014 it was in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The historic centre of the Artois region, with a Baroque town square, Arras is in northern France at the confluence of the rivers Scarpe and Crinchon.
The Arras plain is on a large chalk plateau bordered on the north by the Marqueffles fault, on the southwest by the Artois and Ternois hills, and on the south by the slopes of Beaufort-Blavincourt. On the east it is connected to the Scarpe valley.
Saint Vedast was the first Catholic bishop in the year 499 and tried to eliminate paganism among the Franks. By 843, Arras was seat of the County of Artois which became part of the Royal domain in 1191. The first mention of the name Arras appeared in the 12th century. Some hypothesize it is a contraction of Atrebates, a Belgic tribe of Gaul and Britain that used to inhabit the area. The name Atrebates could have successively evolved to become Atrades, Atradis, Aras, and finally Arras. Others believe it comes from the Celtic word Ar, meaning 'running water', as the Scarpe river flows through Arras or simply the name of Abraham's wife Sarra spelled backwards.
Arras is Pas-de-Calais' third most populous town after Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer. The town counted 43,693 residents in 2012, with the Arras metropolitan area having a population of 124,200. Arras is located 182 kilometres north of Paris and can be reached in 2 hours by car and in 50 minutes by TGV. It is the historic centre of the former Artois province. Its local speech is characterized as a patois. The city of Arras is well known for its architecture, culture, and history. It was once part of the Spanish Netherlands, a portion of the Low Countries controlled by Spain from 1556 to 1714. Louis XIII reconquered Arras in 1640; the town officially became part of France in 1659.
Arras attracts thousands of visitors every year, who commonly explore the city's architecture and historic buildings. Some attractions include the Town Hall and its Belfry, the "Boves" beneath the city), the Squares, the Art District, the Abbey District, the Vauban Citadel, and the Nemetacum site. The Canadian National Vimy Memorial is just outside the town.
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The Hôtel de Ville is a historic building in Arras, Pas-de-Calais, northern France, standing at the northwest end of the Place Des Heros in the centre of the town, and its bell-tower representing the main landmark in the town. It was designated a monument historique by the French government in 1921.
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The canton of Arras-2 is an administrative division of the Pas-de-Calais department, in northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Arras.
It consists of the following communes:
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The Communauté urbaine d'Arras is the communauté urbaine, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Arras. It is located in the Pas-de-Calais department, in the Hauts-de-France region, northern France. It was created in January 1998, replacing the previous district urbain d'Arras. Its area is 306.0 km2. Its population was 108,347 in 2018, of which 41,555 in Arras proper.
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The Battle of Arras, also known as the Second Battle of Arras, was a British offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British troops attacked German defences near the French city of Arras on the Western Front. The British achieved the longest advance since trench warfare had begun, surpassing the record set by the French Sixth Army on 1 July 1916 in the First day on the Somme. The British advance slowed in the next few days and the German defence recovered. The battle became a costly stalemate for both sides and by the end of the battle, the British Third Army and the First Army had suffered about 160,000 casualties and the German 6th Army about 125,000.
For much of the war, the opposing armies on the Western Front were at a stalemate, with a continuous line of trenches from the Belgian coast to the Swiss border. The Allied objective from early 1915 was to break through the German defences into the open ground beyond and engage the numerically inferior German Army in a war of movement. The British attack at Arras was part of the Anglo-French Nivelle Offensive, the main part of which was the Second Battle of the Aisne 50 mi to the south. The aim of the French offensive was to break through the German defences in forty-eight hours. At Arras the Canadians were to capture Vimy Ridge, dominating the Douai Plain to the east, advance towards Cambrai and divert German reserves from the French front.
The British effort was an assault on a relatively broad front between Vimy in the north-west and Bullecourt to the south-east. After a long preparatory bombardment, the Canadian Corps of the First Army in the north fought the Battle of Vimy Ridge, capturing the ridge. The Third Army in the centre advanced astride the Scarpe River and in the south, the Fifth Army attacked the Hindenburg Line but made few gains. The British armies then conducted smaller attacks to consolidate the new positions. Although these battles were generally successful in achieving limited aims, they came at considerable cost.
When the battle officially ended on 16 May, the British had made significant advances but had been unable to achieve a breakthrough. New tactics and the equipment to exploit them had been used, showing that the British had absorbed the lessons of the Battle of the Somme and could mount set-piece attacks against field fortifications. After the Second Battle of Bullecourt, the Arras sector became a quiet front, typical of most of the war in the west, except for attacks on the Hindenburg Line and around Lens, culminating in the Canadian Battle of Hill 70.
Édifice
L'hôtel est installé dans la plus ancienne maison d'Arras, construite en 1467, de style gothique en brique flamand. Sa façade, tout en briques pour les étages, sur des arcades en ogives de grès au rez-de-chaussée, est la seule de la ville dont le pignon n'est pas de style baroque flamand, c'est un pignon à gradins dit parfois aussi « à pas de moineaux ». L'édifice servit de base à l'alignement des maisons et de leurs galeries, et sa structure à trois niveaux suggéra le patron unique des autres maisons des places d'Arras. La façade de l'hôtel est classée au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du 20 avril 1920.
Origine du nom
Le nom de Luppars est un dérivé du mot « Léopards ». Ces animaux sont représentés dans le logo de l'hôtel et par deux groupes de trois félins en bas-relief sur la façade.
Notes et références
Liste des édifices gothiques en brique du nord de la France