Le Hockenhorn est un sommet du massif des Alpes bernoises de 3 293 m d'altitude, à la frontière du canton du Valais et du canton de Berne en Suisse, en bordure du Lötschental. Sa première ascension dans a été réalisée en août 1840 par l'anglais Arthur Thomas Malkin. De nos jours, c'est un sommet facile à escalader pour des randonneurs de montagne expérimentés.
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The Hockenhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. Its summit is 3,293 metres high and lies between the upper Kandertal and the Lötschental. On its southern side lies a glacier named Milibachgletscher.
The summit of the Hockenhorn is accessible by a trail starting at the Lötschen Pass. The southern side of the mountain is part of a ski area. The closest locality is Lauchernalp above Kippel.
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The Lötschberg Tunnel is a 14.61 km long railway tunnel on the Lötschberg Line, which connects Spiez and Brig at the northern end of the Simplon Tunnel cutting through the Bernese Alps of Switzerland. Its ends are at the towns of Kandersteg in the canton of Bern and Goppenstein in the canton of Valais. The top elevation of the tunnel is 1,240 m above sea level, this is the highest point of the main Swiss railway network.
Construction began in 1907 and suffered delays by several severe accidents.
February 1908: An avalanche destroyed a hotel that the workers lived in, killing 13.
July 1908: The tunnel broke into a deep fissure below the Gastern Valley and flooded with water and glacial deposit from the fissure, killing 25, and 1554 meters of the tunnel had to be abandoned and sealed off and replaced by a curved bypass.
March 1911: Breakthrough was achieved
3 June 1913: Finalization
15 July 1913: Regular service through the Lötschberg Tunnel began in 1913.
The tunnel is a single bore twin track.
The BLS AG company offers a car transport service through the tunnel, between Kandersteg station and Goppenstein station, for accompanied vehicles. The journey time of approximately 20 minutes, passengers remain in their cars in open sided car transport vehicles. At peak times, the car transport service operates in each direction every 7½ minutes.
The new Lötschberg Base Tunnel, opened on June 15, 2007, has been constructed some 400 m below the level of the current Lötschberg Tunnel as part of the NRLA project.
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The Sackhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies on the range east of the Lötschen Pass, between the upper Gasterntal and the Lötschental. It lies approximately halfway between the Hockenhorn and the Birghorn.
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The Lötschberg is an Alpine mountain massif, usually associated with a major, historically important transit axis of the Alps in Switzerland with, at its core, the Lötschen Pass. The mountain pass, which culminates at nearly 2,700 metres above sea level, are part of the eastern Bernese Alps, whose main crest straddles the border between the cantons of Bern and Valais. The valleys concerned by the Lötschberg are those of the Kander in the Berner Oberland, with Kandersteg at the head of it, and a secluded side-valley of the Upper Valais, the Lötschental, with Ferden at the valley's entrance and at the bottom of the pass.
Although the Lötschberg is one of the main north-south axes through the Alps, it is not on the main chain of the Alps, the Pennine Alps, further south, making up the main water divide. As a main north-south axis through the Alps, the Lötschberg is thus completed by the Simplon, between Brig and Domodossola in Italy. The Lötschberg alone constitutes an important shortcut from the Swiss Plateau to the Upper Valais, the alternative route involving a long detour via the lower Rhone Valley around the western end of the Bernese Alps.
The Lötschberg is crossed by two railway lines and tunnels. The first line, the Lötschberg railway line was opened to traffic in 1913. It has at its centre the 14.6 kilometre-long Lötschberg Tunnel, with portals in Kandersteg and Goppenstein. It culminates at a height of 1,240 metres and is the highest railway on the main Swiss network. The second line, since 2007, uses the 34.6 kilometre-long Lötschberg Base Tunnel, which has its portals in Frutigen and Raron. The maximum height of the new railway is 828 metres. Both railways are connected to the Simplon railway, which runs from Lausanne to Domodossola via the Simplon Tunnel.
Unlike the Gotthard, the other main north-south axis in Switzerland, the Lötschberg is not crossed by a road pass nor by a road tunnel. However, a car shuttle train is operated between Kandersteg railway station and Goppenstein railway station.
The Lötschen Pass itself is the lowest point on the crest between the Balmhorn to the west and the high range west of the Jungfrau to the east, making up the water divide between the Rhine and the Rhone. On the north side of the pass is a two kilometre-long glacier named Lötschengletscher. Although it is a glacier pass, the Lötschen Pass can be crossed by hikers without mountaineering equipment and a mountain hut, the Lötschenpasshütte, is located on the top of the pass. The pass is traversed by a trail from Kandersteg via the secluded Gastern Valley to Ferden. The complete traverse from the railway station of Kandersteg to that of Goppenstein lasts about 10 hours. On the south side the approach can be shortened by a few hours starting from Lauchernalp, accessible by cable car from Kippel.
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Lauchernalp is an alp and resort area in the Swiss Alps, located in the canton of Valais. It sits on a sunny terrace, between 1,900 and 2,100 metres above sea level, overlooking the Lötschental above Wiler. Lauchernalp mainly belongs to the municipality of Wiler, with a small part belonging to the municipality of Kippel.
In winter the resort is car-free and can only be reached by cable car from Wiler. The cable car station is located at a height of 1,969 metres. The ski area culminates at the Hockenhorngrat at 3,111 metres.
Du sommet, on a une vue remarquable sur la plupart des Alpes valaisannes jusqu'au mont Blanc.
Notes et références
(de) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en allemand intitulé « Hockenhorn » (voir la liste des auteurs).
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